浙江和江苏沿海大型海藻养殖的生态服务价值

实验以2005—2014年我国浙江省和江苏省沿海的养殖海藻为研究对象,利用替代成本法和机会成本法对海藻养殖直接与间接生态系统服务价值进行评价。研究结果表明,养殖海藻场产生的直接生态服务价值主要包含三项:海藻固碳价值、海水富营养化调节价值和重金属移除价值;间接生态服务价值包括避免森林转化价值、避免淡水资源、减少化肥和农药使用价值。2014年,浙江省海藻养殖的三项直接生态服务价值分别达到了40.96万元、196.55万元、60.71万元,江苏省则分别为25.83万元、123.98万元、38.29万元;浙江省海藻养殖的四项间接生态服务价值则分别达到46 487.04万元、1 160.78万元、308.52万元、1 176.71万元,江苏省为29 321.52万元、732.15万元、194.60万元、742.21万元。海藻养殖的生态服务价值远大于海藻的直接经济价值。我国海岸带面积广阔,海藻养殖潜力巨大。发展海藻养殖不仅可以部分缓解全球粮食危机,而且对减少碳排放、减少营养盐污染和应对全球变化也具有积极意义。

Ecological service value evaluation of seaweed aquaculture in Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces

The alternative cost method and opportunity cost method were used to evaluate the value of ecological services provided by seaweed aquaculture based on the study of seaweed farming in Zhejiang Province and Jiangsu Province from 2005 to 2014. The results showed that the value of direct ecological services mainly included three factors:the value of carbon capture, the value of eutrophication regulation and the value of heavy metal removal. The value of indirect ecological services included the value of avoided transformed forest land, avoided use of water resources, avoided use of fertilizer and avoided use of pesticide. In 2014, the values of three seaweed aquaculture direct ecological services are 0.41 million RMB, 1.97 million RMB, 0.61 million RMB for Zhejiang Province and 0.26 million RMB, 1.24 million RMB and 0.38 million RMB for Jiangsu Province, respectively; the value of four indirect ecological services are 464.87 million RMB, 11.61 million RMB, 3.09 million RMB and 11.77 million RMB for Zhejiang Province and 293.22 million RMB, 7.32 million RMB, 1.95 million RMB and 7.42 million RMB for Jiangsu Province. The total value of ecological services of seaweed aquaculture is far greater than the direct economic value of seaweed. The vast area of coastline indicates that seaweed farming has great potential for development, and the promotion of seaweed farming can not only be a solution to address the arable land and food crisis, but also has a positive effect on reducing carbon emissions, reducing nutrient pollution and coping with global changes.