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岛礁海域保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性评价
引用本文:曾旭,章守宇,林军,钟佳明.岛礁海域保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性评价[J].水产学报,2018,42(5):673-683.
作者姓名:曾旭  章守宇  林军  钟佳明
作者单位:上海海洋大学海洋科学学院
基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303047)
摘    要:为了提高人工鱼礁选址的有效性,实验以岛礁海域保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性评价为例,基于多准则决策方法,结合专家系统、层次分析法、地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析对马鞍列岛海域进行了研究。通过文献综述和专家经验提取影响保护型人工鱼礁选址适宜性的主要准则(物理因素、生物因素和管理因素)和对应的次级准则(底部坡度、底质类型、海流、水深;渔获量、资源密度、幼鱼量、幼鱼扩散;与污染源距离、与航道距离、离岸距离)。通过两两比较法和层次分析法计算主要准则和次级准则的权重,结果显示,物理因素、生物因素和管理因素的权重分别为0.481、0.405、0.114。对应次级准则的权重为0.101、0.186、0.097、0.098、0.095、0.184、0.048、0.079、0.068、0.030、0.016。各准则图层叠加计算后的结果显示,马鞍列岛保护型人工鱼礁选址的适宜性具有空间异质性;海区底质类型、水深、资源密度与适宜性分布的对应分析表明,模型结果与适宜性准则的设置基本一致;高适宜性区域内已投放的人工鱼礁也表现出有效性。

关 键 词:保护型人工鱼礁  选址适宜性  多准则决策  层次分析法  地理信息系统  马鞍列岛
收稿时间:2017/2/18 0:00:00
修稿时间:2017/5/18 0:00:00

Site selection suitability assessment for protective artificial reefs in island area
ZENG Xu,ZHANG Shouyu,LIN Jun and ZHONG Jiaming.Site selection suitability assessment for protective artificial reefs in island area[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2018,42(5):673-683.
Authors:ZENG Xu  ZHANG Shouyu  LIN Jun and ZHONG Jiaming
Institution:College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China,College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China,College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China and College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
Abstract:There were more than thirty countries and regions which placed artificial reefs in coastal areas. However, more than fifty percent of these Artificial Reefs failed due to improper site selection, lack of supervision and planning. Placing the Artificial Reefs consumes large amount of time and finances which means that it''s impossible to change Artificial Reefs location. Therefore, the success of Artificial Reefs depends on the site selection. Most studies of Artificial Reefs focused on their ecological effects, and these results could be used for evaluating the effectiveness, but they did not provide necessary references for Artificial Reefs site selection. For assessing the site selection suitability of Artificial Reefs, our study took island area protective Artificial Reefs site selection as the theme and the Multi-Criteria Decision Method was used in this study. Expert system, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), GIS spatial analysis and raster calculation were also combined. The effective main criteria (physical, biological and management) and sub-criteria (bottom slope, substrate, current, depth, catch, density, larval dispersal, existing larvae, distance to pollution source, distance to channel, distance to coastline) for protective Artificial Reefs were identified by paper reviewing and expert knowledge. Using the pair-wise comparison and AHP, the weight of main criteria and sub-criteria were ranked, and the results showed the weight of physical, biological and management were 0.481, 0.405, 0.114 respectively. The weight of sub-criteria were corresponding 0.101, 0.186, 0.097, 0.098, 0.095, 0.184, 0.048, 0.079, 0.068, 0.030, 0.016. The site selection suitability in Ma''an Archipelago showed spatial heterogeneity after calculating overlapped criteria map. The corresponding analysis of depth, substrate type, resource density distribution and suitability distribution showed that the model results were consistent with the suitability criteria. And the high suitability areas where Artificial Reefs have been placedalso showed effectiveness. Therefore, the assessment model of this study could be used for assessing the site selection suitability of protective artificial reefs in similar island areas.
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