海州湾及其邻近海域鱼类群落结构冗余度

过度捕捞、环境污染等人类活动以及气候变化等影响着海洋鱼类群落动态及其稳定性。为深入研究海州湾海域鱼类群落结构及其变化,根据2011年、2013—2016年春、秋两季在该海域进行的渔业资源与环境调查数据,应用多元统计分析和结构冗余度分析方法,研究了海州湾海域春、秋季鱼类群落结构冗余度。结果显示,海州湾及邻近海域春、秋季鱼类均可划分为南北两个群落。春季北部群落的典型种包括方氏云鳚、细纹狮子鱼、黄鮟鱇和大泷六线鱼;南部群落的典型种为小黄鱼、短吻红舌鳎、方氏云鳚和星康吉鳗。秋季北部群落的典型种为棘绿鳍鱼、长蛇鲻和星康吉鳗;南部群落典型种包括短吻红舌鳎、棘头梅童鱼、鮸、矛尾虾虎鱼、小黄鱼和皮氏叫姑鱼。春、秋季鱼类群落响应单元数均为1,群落结构冗余度水平低;响应单元中种类与南、北鱼类群落典型种组成相似,表明海州湾春、秋季鱼类群落空间结构特征主要受方氏云鳚、细纹狮子鱼、小黄鱼、棘绿鳍鱼和长蛇鲻等少数种类决定。决定海州湾及邻近海域鱼类群落结构特征的可替代种类较少,当主要种类受损时,群落结构会发生较大变化,鱼类群落结构稳定性较低。

Structural redundancy of fish assemblage in Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters

Human activities including overfishing, environmental pollution and climate change affect the dynamics and stability of marine fish communities. In order to deeply explore the community structure and its change of fish assemblage, multivariate statistical analysis and structural redundancy analysis were used to examine the spatial structure and structural redundancy of fish community based on the data from the bottom trawl surveys in spring and autumn in 2011, 2013-2016 in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters. The results showed that the fish assemblage could be divided into two fish communities, i.e. the northern community and the southern community in spring and autumn in the waters. Typifying species were composed of Enedrias fangi, Liparis tanakae, Lophius litulon and Hexagrammos otakii for the northern community and Larimichthys polyactis, Cynoglossus joyneri, E. fangi and Conger myriaster for the southern community in spring. Typifying species included Chelidonichthys spinosus, Saurida elongate and C. myriaster for the northern communities, and comprised C. joyneri, Collichthys lucidus, Miichthys miiuy, Chaeturichthys stigmatias, L. polyactis and Johnius belangerii in the southern community in autumn. There was one response unit for the fish assemblages in spring and autumn, and the structural redundancy of fish community was low. The composite species in the response unit was similar to the typifying species in the northern and southern fish communities, indicating that the spatial patterns of fish community in spring and autumn in the Haizhou Bay were determined by a few species. The number of substitute species was few, and the stability of fish community was low in the Haizhou Bay and its adjacent waters.