大食物观背景下中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的挑战与对策

保障国家粮食安全,践行大食物观具有极端重要的意义。淡水养殖业对于优化中国居民膳食结构,提高人类营养健康水平具有不可替代的作用。为厘清淡水养殖业发展中的问题,探寻中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的对策,本文对2013—2022年《中国渔业统计年鉴》中淡水养殖业的养殖方式和养殖种类进行了梳理统计,并对以池塘养殖、大水面生态养殖、稻渔综合种养、设施渔业及盐碱水体养殖共5类主要养殖模式为代表的中国淡水养殖业发展趋势进行了分析,归纳出中国淡水养殖业高质量发展面临的挑战。在此基础上,从淡水养殖空间拓展、设施现代化、种源自给、病害防控、产品加工转化5个方面,探索性地提出中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的着力方向,并进一步从国家政策、科技进步、人才队伍、技术推广和财政资金5个维度提出中国淡水养殖业高质量发展的保障措施。以期为中国淡水养殖业转变方式结构,实现绿色健康高质量发展提供参考。

Challenges and countermeasures for the high quality development of China's freshwater aquaculture industry under the background of the integrated food security thought

Ensuring national food security and practicing the Integrated Food Security Thought are of extreme significance. The freshwater aquaculture industry plays an irreplaceable role in optimizing the dietary structure of Chinese residents and improving human nutritional and health levels. In order to clarify the problems in the development of freshwater aquaculture and explore strategies for the high-quality development of China"s freshwater aquaculture industry, this article summarizes the breeding methods and types of freshwater aquaculture in the 2013-2022 "China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook", and analyzes pond aquaculture, large surface ecological aquaculture, and rice fishing comprehensive breeding The development trend of China"s freshwater aquaculture industry, represented by five main aquaculture models, including modern environmental protection facilities, fisheries, and saline alkali water aquaculture, was analyzed, and the challenges faced by the high-quality development of China"s freshwater aquaculture industry were summarized. On this basis, from five aspects: expansion of aquaculture space, modernization of aquaculture, self-sufficiency of aquatic species, disease prevention and control, and product processing and transformation, exploratory directions for the high-quality development of China"s freshwater aquaculture industry are proposed. Furthermore, measures to ensure the high-quality development of China"s freshwater aquaculture industry are proposed from five dimensions: national policies, technological progress, talent team, technology promotion, and financial funds. To provide reference for the transformation of the structure of China"s freshwater aquaculture industry and the realization of green, healthy, and high-quality development.