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不同施肥方法对鱼蚌综合养殖水体水化学的影响
引用本文:戴杨鑫,王岩,唐金玉,李由明.不同施肥方法对鱼蚌综合养殖水体水化学的影响[J].水产学报,2013,37(3):407-416.
作者姓名:戴杨鑫  王岩  唐金玉  李由明
作者单位:浙江大学动物科学学院,浙江杭州,310058
基金项目:公益性行业(农业)科研专项“珍珠养殖技术研究与示范”(项目编号:200903028);浙江省厅市会商重大技术专项重大项目“淡水珍珠高效清洁养殖、加工关键技术集成与产业化” (项目编号:2008C02010)。
摘    要:通过155 d的围隔实验检验了不同施肥方法对鱼蚌综合养殖水体水化学的影响.鱼蚌放养种类为三角帆蚌、草鱼、鲫、鲢和鳙,鱼蚌比例为1.5∶1.施肥处理为施鸭粪(DM)、施化肥(CF)及结合施鸭粪和化肥(DC).实验期间定期采样分析水化学指标.各施肥处理间透明度(SD)、溶氧(DO)、硫酸根离子、氯离子、碳酸根离子、重碳酸根离子、钙离子(Ca2+)、镁离子(Mg2+)、总碱度、总硬度、氨态氮(TAN)、硝酸态氮(NO3-N)、亚硝酸态氮(NO2-N)、活性磷(PO4-p)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)均无显著差异,但围隔CF内PO4-P/TP显著高于围隔DM,5月20日-7月18日围隔CF内pH显著低于围隔DM.随养殖时间延长,各处理围隔内SD、DO、Ca2+和Ca2 +/Mg2+呈下降趋势,但TAN、NO2-N、TN、TP和CODMn呈上升趋势.结果表明,在投喂配合饲料的基础上少量施鸭粪、化肥或结合施鸭粪和化肥不会导致鱼蚌综合养殖水体主要离子、总碱度、总硬度、TAN、NO3-N、NO2-N、PO4-P、TN、TP和CODMn含量产生显著差异.相比之下,施化肥的水体CODMn较低,PO4-P/TP较高;施鸭粪的水体CODMn较高,PO4-P/TP较低;结合施鸭粪和化肥的水体CODMn和PO4-P/TP介于施化肥和施鸭粪的水体之间.鉴于结合施鸭粪和化肥的水体珍珠产量高于单独施鸭粪或施化肥的水体,可认为该施肥措施有利于三角帆蚌生长及其珍珠囊内的珍珠质分泌.

关 键 词:三角帆蚌  综合养殖  养殖模式  施肥  水化学
收稿时间:3/26/2012 5:25:53 PM
修稿时间:2012/11/29 0:00:00

Effect of three fertilization programs on the chemical water quality for integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel and fish
DAI Yang-xin,WANG Yan,TANG Jin-yu and LI You-ming.Effect of three fertilization programs on the chemical water quality for integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel and fish[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2013,37(3):407-416.
Authors:DAI Yang-xin  WANG Yan  TANG Jin-yu and LI You-ming
Institution:College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University
Abstract:A 155-day experiment was conducted in land-based enclosures to examine the effects of three fertilization programs on chemical water quality for integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii and fish. The pearl mussel was co-cultured with grass carp, gibel carp, silver carp and bighead carp, and the stocking ratio of fish to mussel was 1.5:1. Three fertilization programs, including fertilizing with duck manure (DM), with chemical fertilizer (CF), and with duck manure and chemical fertilizer in combination (DC), were examined. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the SD and concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO), SO42-, Cl-, CO32-, HCO3-, Ca2 , Mg2 , hardness, alkalinity, ammonia (TAN), NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) between the fertilization treatments. The ratio of PO4-P to TP was higher in the CF enclosures than in the DM enclosures. The pH was lower in the CF enclosures than in the DM enclosures during the earlier phase (from May 20 to July 18). With the progress of the experiment, the SD, concentration of DO and Ca2 , and ratio of Ca2 to Mg2 decreased, while the concentration of TAN, NO2-N, TN, TP and CODMn increased. The results of this study indicate that using different fertilization programs had no significantly different effects on the major ions, hardness, alkalinity, TAN, NO3-N, NO2-N, PO4-P, TN, TP and CODMn in the enclosures with integrated culture of freshwater pearl mussel with fish and fed formulated fish feed intensively. However, the concentration of CODMn was lower, but the ratio of PO4-P to TP was higher, in the enclosures fertilized with chemical fertilizer than in the enclosures fertilized with duck manure. The concentration of CODMn and ratio of PO4-P to TP were at median levels in the enclosures fertilized with chemical fertilizers and duck manure in combination. The higher growth rate and nacre secretion of H. cumingii hung in the enclosures supplied with both chemical fertilizers and duck manure suggests the water chemistry parameters in these enclosures are suitable for H. cumingii farming.
Keywords:Hyriopsis cumingii  operative models  integrated culture  chemical fertilizer  duck manure  chemical water quality
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