黄鳝微卫星引物筛选及其在保护遗传学上的应用

研究了远缘种鲤的微卫星引物对黄鳝的适用性。结果显示，31对鲤微卫星引物中有11对引物能对黄鳝DNA模饭扩增出特异性带谱。每对引物扩增的等位基因数在3～13个，平均每个位点有5．6个等位基因，显示了较高的多态性。其中引物P1最理想，其PCR扩增产物能区分来自湖南、广东和孟加拉3个不同地域的黄鳝种群。应用微卫星技术对3个不同地域的黄鳝基因组DNA多态性分析结果显示，湖南、广东和孟加拉黄鳝群体内平均相似率依次为95．5％，95.8％和93．5％，平均变异度依次为0．045，0．042，0．063。群体间的相似率及变异度分析显示：湖南黄鳝和广东黄鳝群体间平均相似率为91．0％，变异度为0．045；湖南黄鳝和孟加拉黄鳝群体间平均相似率和变异度分别为55．7％和0．443；广东黄鳝和孟加拉黄鳝群体间平均相似率和变异度分别为58．6％和0．414。综合微卫星分析结果、黄鳝的外形特征及地理位置，可以推测，广东黄鳝与湖南黄鳝为同一个生物种的不同地理种群，而孟加拉黄鳝为同属中另一个种。

Screening of microsatellite primer and its application to conservation genetics of Monopterus albus

The applicability of microsatellite primers from Cyprinus carpio to Monopterus albus population was studied in the present paper.The results showed that 11 of the 31 pairs of microsatellite primers from Cyprinus carpio could amplify Monopterus albus DNA and produce special allele patterns.The allele numbers for each primer ranged 3 to 13,and a mean of 5.6 alleles were found for each locus,which indicated a higher polymorphism.P1 was the most perfect primer among all these 11 pairs,which could distinguish the 3 Monopterus albus populations collected from Hunan,Guangdong(China) and Bengal.The results of the polymorphisms of genetic DNA of Monopterus albus populations from the 3 different locations showed that the average similarity of the 3 Monopterus albus populations from Hunan,Guangdong and Bengal was 95.5%,95.8% and 93.5%,respectively,and the average variability was 0.045,0.042 and 0.063,respectively.The average similarity and variability between every two of the three populations were:91.0 % and 0.045 between Hunan and Guangdong populations,respectively,55.7 % and 0.443 between Hunan and Bengal populations,respectively,and 58.6 % and 0.414 between Guangdong and Bengal populations,respectively.By summarizing all the data from microsatellite analysis,morphological characteristics and geographic distribution,the authors could deduce that the Monopterus albus populations from Hunan and from Guangdong were the same species,and the population from Bengal belongs to another species.