青蛤不同壳色个体间的生长及营养差异

贝类壳色常呈现出多态性,壳色可以作为优良性状的标记色,用于贝类良种选育研究。为了探究青蛤壳色性状与其生长和营养成分之间的关系,本研究对青蛤不同壳色个体的生长指标及营养组分进行了测定分析。结果显示,青蛤紫壳个体(整体)的湿重、壳长、水管和鳃组织湿重占比显著高于白壳个体(p＜0.05),青蛤紫壳个体(整体)的壳宽和外套膜组织湿重占比极显著高于白壳个体(p＜0.01)。青蛤紫壳个体可食部分的粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量极显著高于白壳个体(p＜0.01)。紫/白壳个体的必需氨基酸与总氨基酸比值分别为37.46%和37.02%,且紫壳个体显著高于白壳个体(p＜0.05)；必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值分别为67.72%和66.60%,且紫壳个体显著高于白壳个体(p＜0.05),表明紫壳个体氨基酸平衡效果优于白壳个体,且均属于优质蛋白。紫/白壳个体的单不饱和脂肪酸主要以棕榈酸为主,分别占可食部分脂肪酸总量的9.97%和9.85%,多不饱和脂肪酸主要以EPA和DHA为主,其中EPA分别占脂肪酸总量的6.64%和6.54%,DHA分别占脂肪酸总量的8.00%和8.51%。研究表明,紫/白壳个体间在生长和营养上均存在一定差异,且紫壳性状与其生长和营养存在一定正向关联关系,为利用紫壳性状作为遗传标记进行青蛤良种选育提供理论依据。

Growth and nutritional differences between two shell-color clams (Cyclina sinensis)

Shellfish shell color often exhibits polymorphism, and shell color can be used as a marker color for excellent trait and used in the breeding of improved shellfish species. In order to explore the relationship between shell-color trait of clam Cyclina sinensis and its growth and nutritional components, we measured and analyzed the growth indicators and nutritional components of individuals with different shell colors. The results showed that the wet weight, shell length, wet weight of pipes and gills of the purple-shell individuals were significantly higher than those of the white-shell individuals (p<0.05), and shell width and wet weight of mantle tissue were extremely significant higher than those of white-shell individuals (p<0.01). The content of crude fat and crude protein of the edible parts from purple-shell individuals were extremely significant higher than those of the white-shell individuals (p<0.01). The ratios of essential amino acids to total amino acids in purple- and white-shell individuals were 37.46% and 37.02%, respectively, and this ratio of purple-shell individuals was significantly higher than that of white-shell individuals (p<0.05); The ratios of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids were 67.72% and 66.60%, and this ratio of purple-shell individuals was significantly higher than that of white-shell individuals (p<0.05), indicating that the amino acid balance effect in the purple-shell individuals was better than that of white-shell individuals, and they were all high-quality proteins. The monounsaturated fatty acids of purple- and white-shell individuals are mainly palmitic acid, accounting for 9.97% and 9.85% of the total fatty acids, respectively; Polyunsaturated fatty acids mainly consist of EPA and DHA, of which EPA accounts for 6.64% and 6.54% of the total fatty acids in purple- and white-shell individuals respectively, and DHA accounts for 8.00% and 8.51% of the total fatty acids respectively. Taken together, it suggests that there are certain differences in growth and nutrition between purple- and white-shell individuals and a certain positive relationship between purple shell traits and their growth and nutrition, which provides a theoretical basis for using purple-shell trait as genetic marker in clam breeding.