野生、池塘及工厂化养殖马口鱼肌肉营养成分的比较

为获知野生、池塘及工厂化养殖马口鱼肌肉营养成分的差异，实验分析了野生、池塘及工厂化养殖马口鱼的形态学指标、肌肉营养成分、氨基酸含量、脂肪酸含量、理化特性及重金属含量。结果显示，野生马口鱼肌肉中苯丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、必需氨基酸总量、非必需氨基酸总量及滴水损失显著高于池塘马口鱼；野生马口鱼脏体比、肌肉粗蛋白、支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸、C16:0及熟肉率显著低于工厂化马口鱼，但水分、甲硫氨酸、含硫氨基酸、C18:3n6、饱和脂肪酸、铅、镉和铜的含量显著高于工厂化马口鱼；野生马口鱼肥满度、肌肉中缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸、异亮氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、氨基酸总量、半必需氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、呈味氨基酸、C20:0、C20:2、C22:2、C22:1n9及C20:5n3的含量与工厂化马口鱼无显著性差异。研究表明，相比野生和池塘养殖，工厂化养殖可以提高马口鱼肌肉粗蛋白、氨基酸总量、C20:5n3、熟肉率及滴水损失，减少饱和脂肪酸、镉 、铅及铜，是一种较优的马口鱼养殖模式。

Comparison of nutritional ingredients of muscle in Opsariichthys bidens under wild, pond and factory farming conditions

In order to understand the differences of nutritional ingredient of muscle in Opsariichthys bidens under wild, pond and factory farming, a comparative study was conducted on morphological indices, nutrient composition, amino acid content, fatty acid content, physicochemical property, heavy metal content of muscle. The results indicated that the muscle phenylalanine, aspartic acid, total essential amino acid, total non-essential amino acid and drip loss of O. bidens in wild were significantly higher than those in pond; The visceral body ratio, muscle crude protein, branched chain amino acid/aromatic amino acids, C16:0 and cooking rate were significantly lower than those in factory, but the moisture, methionine, sulfur-containing amino acids, C18:3n6, saturated fatty acid, lead, cadmium and copper were higher; No significant difference was fond in the condition factor, muscle valine, leucine, threonine, lysine, isoleucine, glutamate, tyrosine, arginine, total amino acids, total semi-essential amino acids, flavor amino acid, bitter amino acid, delicious amino acid, C20:0, C20:2, C22:2, C22:1n9 and C20:5n3 of O. bidens between wild and factory. The results showed that compared with the wild and pond, the factory farming can increase the muscle crude protein, total amino acid, C20:5n3, cooking rate and drip loss, and reduce saturated fatty acid, cadmium, lead and copper, which is a better culture mode of O. bidens.