中国对虾几个产卵场群体携带白斑综合征病毒状况调查

白斑综合征可以导致养殖对虾短时间内大面积死亡，是迄今为止对虾养殖业面临的最大挑战。本试验采用巢式PCR法对2001年采自黄渤海的中国对虾几个产卵场群体进行白斑综合征病毒检测，旨在较全面地了解黄渤海野生中国对虾携带病毒状况。各群体的阳性检出率分别为：朝鲜半岛南海岸群体55％；渤海湾群体35％；辽东湾群体94．7％；海州湾群体47．4％。结果显示，中国对虾几个产卵场群体均不同程度地携带白斑综合征病毒。辽东湾产卵场群体阳性检出率明显高于其他群体，推测人工孵化苗种放流、海湾的地理和水质条件与中国对虾的WSSV感染率相关。而中国对虾野生群体携带病毒对于对虾养殖业的影响是不容忽视的，笔者认为，只有从无特异病原(SPF)及抗特异病原(SPR)对虾养殖群体的建立着手才能从根本上避免由于对虾携带病毒而可能导致的病毒性疾病的暴发。同时，应该重视海区污染的治理，减少病毒病暴发的诱因。本试验建立了快速检测WSSV的PCR方法，1pg病毒核酸仍可检测到，为白斑综合征病毒病的防治及早期诊断提供了有效的手段。

Investigation on status carrying WSSV in several spawning ground populations of Fenneropenaeus chinensis

White spot syndrom (WSS) is a disease that has caused high shrimp mortality in a short period and severe damage to shrimp culture industry up to date. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate the virus carrying conditions of wild Fenneropenaeus chinensis in Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Four spawning ground populations of P. chinensis collected from Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in 2001 were examined by nested-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) for the detection of white-spot syndrom virus (WSSV). The virus positive rate of the several populations were : the south coast of Korea population 55%; Bohai Bay population 35%; Liaodong Bay population 94.7% and Haizhou Bay population 47.4%, respectively. As a result, the several populations were all carrying WSSV at different levels. Among those, Liaodong Bay population shows the highest WSSV infective rate, which is significantly higher than those of other populations. It may be due to the severe environmental problems and geographical conditions of the bay. Furthermore, the releasing of hatchery seedlings which may carry WSSV during culturing could be related to prawns' high WSSV infective rate. However, the effects of wild shrimp carrying virus on the shrimp culture industry were obvious and should not be ignored. Therefore, it can be concluded that the establishment of the specific pathogen free(SPF) and specific pathogen resistance(SPR) cultured population was the only way to avoid the outbreak of the disease, which may be induced by the virus carried by shrimp. At the same time, something should be done to deal with the pollution in order to decrease the inducement that leads to the outbreak of virus disease. In this study, a method for the detection of WSSV by PCR was developed, a high sensitivity about 1pg WSSV DNA could be seen with nested-PCR, which provided an effective method to diagnose WSSV ahead of time.