对虾池不同综合养殖系统效率和效益的比较研究

利用５０个５．０×５．０×１．８ｍ陆基围隔研究了中国对虾与台湾红罗非鱼、海湾扇贝和缢蛏投饵或施肥混养及鲈鱼与中国对虾和台湾红罗非鱼混养最佳结构的生态效率、生产效果和经济效益。结果表明，几种综合养殖系统最佳结构下各种养殖对象对Ｎ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（３０．９１％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（２１．０９％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（２０．１２％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１７．８１％）＞对虾－缢蛏（１６．９３％）＞单养对虾（１１．５２％）；对Ｐ的绝对利用率由高至低依次为：对虾－缢蛏（１６．０８％）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１２．８３％）＞对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１２．６３％）＞单养对虾（１０．８８％）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（６．０１％）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（４．０４％）；其产出投入比由高至低依次为：对虾－罗非鱼投饵混养（１．９９）＞对虾－罗非鱼施肥混养（１．９８）＞对虾－海湾扇贝（１．５３）＞单养对虾（１．３８）＞鲈鱼－对虾－罗非鱼（１．３０）＞对虾－缢蛏（１．２３）。

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON CULTURAL EFFICIENCY AND PROFITS OF DIFFERENT POLYCULTURAL SYSTEMS IN PENAEID SHRIMP PONDS

Comparative studies on ecological efficiency,production and economic profits of different polyculture systems of Chinese shrimp ( Penaeus chinensisZ Osbeck) with red Taiwan tilapia ( Oreochromis mossambicus O. niloticus ), bay scallop ( Argopecten irradians ), common seaperch ( Lateolabrax japonicus ) and constricted tagelus(Sinonovacula constricta ) as auxiliary members separately in closed seawater ponds were conducted by using 50 landbased enclosures of each 5.0 5.01.8m in 1996. In results, the nitrogen conversion efficiencies by the animals cultivated, the polyculture systems were ranged in a descending order as:common seaperch-Chinese shrimp-tilapia polyculture"(PST)(30.91%)>Chinese shrimpbay scallop polyculture"(SBS)(21.01%)>extensive Chinese shrimptilapia polyculture" (STM)(20.12%)>intensive Chinese shrimptilapia polyculture" (STF)(17.81%)>Chinese shrimpconstricted tagelus polyculture" (SCC)(16.93%)>monoculture of Chinese shrimp (S) (11.52%), suggesting that ecological efficiencies of the polyculture systems were higher than those of the monoculture ones. By ratio of output to input, the polyculture systems were ranged in a descending order as :STF (1.99)>STM (1.98)>SBS(1.53)>S(1.38)>PST(1.30)>SSC(1.23). While by the net incomes (104 yuan RMB/hm2), the polyculture systems were ranged in a descend order as:PST(2.57)>STF (1.62)>SSC(0.91)>STM(0.81)>SBS(0.76)>S (0.54). All the results indicate that polyculture of the shrimp with tilapia, bay scallop or constricted tagelus is characterized by better benefit than monoculture is.