褐菖鲉消化道的组织学和组织化学

褐菖鲉消化道的组织学和组织化学=Study on histology and histochemistry of digestive tract in Sebastiscus marmoratus刊，中]/石戈（浙江海洋学院海洋科学学院，浙江 舟山 316004），王健鑫，刘雪珠，王日昕//水产学报.－2007，31（03）.－293～302 利用光镜技术对褐菖鲉消化道进行了组织学和组织化学研究。组织学研究表明：褐菖鲉消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃和肠4部分组成。口咽腔较大，上下颌，犁骨及腭骨均有细齿带,粘膜由复层鳞状上皮组成，并含有大量黏液细胞和少量杯状细胞；食道粗而短，上皮组织包括扁平上皮层区域和单层柱状上皮层区域，上皮含有大量杯状细胞和黏液分泌细胞，粘膜层的固有膜中含有腺体；胃呈Y型，包括贲门、胃体和幽门3个区域，胃粘膜由单层柱状上皮组成，在贲门和胃体部的粘膜层中有厚的结实层，上皮有大量的胃小凹和胃腺组织；胃幽门部括约肌明显，幽门上皮不含胃小凹；胃与肠相接处有8～9个指状幽门盲囊，其形态学和组织学特征与前肠类似；肠道上皮由单层柱状上皮细胞组成，丰富的微绒毛形成明显的纹状缘，上皮中含有大量杯状细胞，肠道系数为0.54。组织化学研究显示：幽门、幽门盲囊和肠上皮细胞顶端胞质和纹状缘具碱性磷酸酶活性；幽门盲囊及肠道上皮细胞顶端胞质中检测到酸性磷酸酶活性；在贲门部和胃体部的固有层以及幽门上皮还检测到酯酶活性，且酯酶定位于幽门柱状上皮细胞胞质的上半部。整个消化道的粘膜层中存在许多粘液细胞：食道上皮含大量酸性粘液细胞，胃上皮细胞均含有中性粘液，而肠道由前向后中性粘液物质逐渐减少，酸性粘液物质逐渐增多。组织学和组织化学的结果表明褐菖鲉食道有润滑和微弱的消化作用，胃有消化脂类和吸收糖类的功能；幽门和盲囊有较强的吸收脂类的功能；前肠、中肠和后肠有活跃的细胞内消化和吸收功能，整个消化道结构与其肉食性功能密切相关。图3参29

Study on histology and histochemistry of digestive tract in Sebastiscus marmoratus

In the paper,the histology and histochemistry of the digestive tract in Sebastiscus marmoratus were studied by optical microscopes.The digestive tract in Sebastiscus marmoratus consists of the buccal-pharynx cavity,oesophagus,stomach and intestine.The buccal-pharynx cavity was large and there were serration cingula on the upper jaw and mandible,vomer and palatine bone;The mucosa was composed of stratified squamous epithelium with many mucous secretory cells and a few goblet cells in buccal-pharynx cavity;There were two regions in the oesophagus,including cranial with pavement epitheliums and caudal with simple columnar epitheliums,in which there were many goblet cells and mucous secretory cells as well as unusual glands in the lamina propria;The Y-shaped stomach was divided into three portions and had a single-layered columnar epithelium under which well-developed gastric glands and gastric pits were present.Sphincter was obvious in the pyloric stomach,and gastric pits had not been detected in the epithelium;There were 8-9 pyloric caeca at the joint of the stomach and intestine,of which the morphologic and histological characters were similar to the cranial intestine's.The intestine epithelium was composed of simple columnar cells with a distinct brush border,in which there were many goblet cells.Meanwhile the average intestinal coefficient of Sebastiscus marmoratus was calculated,which came to about 0.54.The location and semi-quantification of alkaline phosphatase,acid phosphatase,carboxylic esterase and mucosubstances in the digestive tract of Sebastiscus marmoratus were studied by histochemistry.The results indicated that the absorption role was supported by the presence of an intense alkaline phosphatase activity in the epithelium of the pyloric stomach,pyloric caeca and intestine;The presence of abundant acid phosphatase in the apical border of the stepithelium of the pyloric caeca and the intestine showed that these cells were actively involved in the absorption and intracellular digestion of nutrient substances;And also,esterase activity were detected in the lamina propria of cardiac and fundic stomach,and apical border of the epithelium of the pyloric stomach had the intense activity.There were many mucous cells in the whole digestive tract which played an important role in the lubrication and absorption of nutrients;Large quantities of acidic mucous cells were detected in the oesophagus epithelium,and the stomach epithelium had many neutral mucous cells,while in the intestine,the distribution of neutral mucous cells was reducing from the cranial intestine to the caudal intestine,but the distribution of acidic mucous cell was reversed.The results proved that the histological and histochemical features of its digestive tract were consistent with the carnivorous habits of Sebastiscus marmoratus.