鲢顶流游泳速度与摆尾行为相关性分析

鱼类的顶流游泳行为是过鱼设施水力学设计的关键问题之一,获取鱼类在顶流游泳过程中的运动学参数将有助于研究目标鱼类的生理特性、游泳能力及其与水力环境因子的响应关系。本研究以鲢为对象,通过行为学分析软件对鲢在顶流游泳状态下顶流静止和顶流前进的行为中,水流速度U、摆尾频率f、相对摆尾振幅A、绝对游泳速度V和游泳加速度a之间进行了相关性分析。结果显示,鲢在顶流静止状态下,摆尾频率f与水流速度U呈现正相关性;相对摆尾振幅A为(0.0876±0.0098)BL,但与摆尾频率f之间没有明显的相关性;鲢在顶流前进状态下,不同水流速度U中摆尾频率f都要大于顶流静止状态下的摆尾频率,相对摆尾振幅A反而相差不大;摆尾频率f与绝对游泳速度V之间有显著的正相关性,但摆尾频率f与相对摆尾振幅A之间却没有明显的相关性;鲢在顶流前进的过程中,游泳加速度a会随着时间的变化而变化,大多数的游泳加速度为0.02 ga≤0.06 g(55.84%)。本研究主要在水槽中进行,流场环境比较单一,自然的流场环境相对复杂,复杂流场条件下鱼类行为与流场中水力因子之间的关系还需进一步研究。

Correlation analysis between upstream swimming speed and tail-beat behavior of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix

One of the key problems of the hydraulic design of fish pass structure is the fish first orient to the flow. Obtaining fish behavior parameter in the process of upstreaming is beneficial to the research of target fish physiological characteristics, swimming capability and its response to hydraulic environmental factors. In this paper, taking the Hypopthalmichthys molitrix as the research object, the correlation among flow velocity U, tail-beat frequency f, relative tail-beat amplitude A, absolute swimming speed V and swimming acceleration a was analysed in the state of holding station and moving forward during upstream by behavioral analysis software. Result showed tail-beat frequency and flow velocity were in a positive relationship during holding station; relative tail-beat frequency A was (0.0876 ± 0.0098) BL, while there was no clear relation between tail-beat frequency f and relative tail-beat amplitude A; during moving forward, tail-beat frequency f was greater than that during holding station, while in contrast, little difference lay in relative tail-beat amplitude A; tail-beat frequency f and absolute swimming velocity V were in definite positive relation, while there was no obvious relationship between tail-beat frequency and relative tail-beat amplitude A; in the process of H. molitrix moving forward, swimming acceleration a changed as time went by, and most of swimming acceleration varied from 0.02 g to 0.06 g55.84%]. In the paper, experiments are conducted in the flume and we had a single flow field, but the flow field is relatively complex in natural environment. The relationship between fish behavior and hydraulic factor requires further research.