人工鱼礁投放误差分布研究

人工鱼礁建设海域的鱼礁实际分布状态与设计方案的鱼礁配置组合之间往往存在着不同程度的偏离差异,而如何从单位鱼礁和鱼礁群层面上评估鱼礁投放误差,是评价人工鱼礁投放质量乃至建设效果的基本前提。本实验选择港湾、岛礁、开阔等典型海域的人工鱼礁区,以重心位置、外围面积、重叠面积、单体数量以及平均间距为指标,在单位鱼礁的层面上,对实际投放的人工鱼礁进行误差计算与分析。结果显示,各指标的误差整体上基本服从正态分布,某个鱼礁区指标的误差可能服从多种合理的拟合分布,不同投礁海域的同一个误差指标具有类似的分布规律,不同的误差指标拟合分布的情况也有可能相同。重心位置误差、重叠面积误差以及单体数量误差在不同区域极限误差相同,其标准化误差分布范围分别为0,1]、0,1]、0,0.451],而其他误差要素在不同区域得到的极限误差略有差异,总体上,外围面积误差分布在0,1]之间,礁体间距误差和总体误差的分布范围分别为0,1],0,0.890]。通过对人工鱼礁投放误差规律及误差范围的分析,才能对投放误差进行等级划分,进一步为鱼礁投放评价标准的划分提供依据。

Distribution model of deviation in artificial reef installation

Actual position often deviates from the original design position in the installation of artificial reefs for the construction of sea ranching program. How to estimate the deviation error at unit artificial reef and artificial reef groups was the precondition of evaluation of artificial reef building quality. In this paper, three different types of artificial reefs were chosen to do the research, which were harbor artificial reef area, island-reef area, open artificial reef water area. Five indexes were used to calculate and analyse the deviation error between actual artificial reef and designed artificial reef at unit artificial reef level, which were gravity center, peripheral area, overlapping area, monocase number, and average spacing between monocases. The results showed that the error of each index was mainly normal distribution, however, error of index in one artificial reef area may follow different types of reasonable fitting distribution. The same error index of different artificial reef areas may have the same fitting distribution, and the fitting distribution of different error indexes may be the same. Gravity center, overlapping areas and monocase number have the same limit error in different areas, the standardizing distribution scope were0, 1],0, 1],0, 0.451] respectively. Limit error was different from other indexes, generally, distribution scope of peripheral area was0, 1], and distribution was0, 1] and0, 0.890] separately of the average spacing between monocased and total error. Based on the analysis of distribution pattern and distribution scope of artificial reef, the deviation errors between actual artificial reef and designed artificial reef can be divided and can be used to evaluate the quality of artificial reef building.