中华鲟子一代配子质量及其子二代生长特征分析

通过测定卵的直径、卵粒质量、受精率和孵化率系列指标以及精子的激活率、快速运动时间和寿命系列指标对人工驯养子一代中华鲟配子进行质量评价,并通过该批受精卵孵出的子二代系列生长指标进行其发育状况分析。结果显示,子一代所产卵子形态饱满,卵径平均3.71 mm,小于自然繁殖群体。与历年在本基地养殖的自然繁殖群体统计资料相比,其受精率(60.1%)和孵化率(36.8%)处在中等偏下的水平。2012年和2013年的精子活力监测结果发现,子一代精子有效运动时间(漩涡运动+快速运动)均较野生群体高。表明子一代卵子质量较野生群体有所降低,而精子活力则较野生群体高。与历年该基地集约化养殖系统培育出的子一代中华鲟相比,子二代的生长表现出显著的阶段差异性,其中仔鱼阶段生长较慢,稚鱼和幼鱼阶段生长优势则较明显。研究表明,促进人工驯养条件下的子一代后备亲鱼性腺发育完善,以获得较高质量的配子和子二代,对防止中华鲟种质退化至关重要。

Quality comparison of gamete of F1-generation and analysis of growth characteristics of F2-generation of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray)

The gamete quality of F₁-generation Chinese sturgeon(Acipenser sinensis)was evaluated by a series of biological indexes of eggs(diameter,weight,fertilization rate and hatching rate)and sperm(the highest activation rate,life time and fast movement time).And the growth characteristics of F₂-generation(2012-11-2013-07)were analyzed by following up the development situation.Results showed that the eggs of F₁-generation were full shape and the average diameter was 3.71 mm,which was less than that of wild population.The fertilization rate(60.1%)and hatching rate(36.8%)were both at lower-middle level when compared with data over the years.Sperm motility in 2012 and 2013 showed that the effective moving time(circinate movement time+fast movement time)were longer than those of wild population.It indicated that eggs quality of F₁-generation was lower than that of wild population,and sperm quality was higher yet.In comparison with F₁-generation cultured by intensive farming system in the same aquaculture base over the years,F₂-generation showed obvious growth phase differences.That is,the growth rate was slower in larvae phase but faster obviously in juvenile and young fish phase.Consequently,it was effective to get high quality gamete and F₂-generation by improving the gonad development perfection of cultured F₁-generation in order to prevent the degradation of germplasm.And it was vitally important for Chinese sturgeon species conservation.