中国大陆沿海六水系绒螯蟹_中华绒_省略__群体亲缘关系_生化遗传差异分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析比较了分布于我国大陆沿海 6个主要水系的两种绒螯蟹 (中华绒螯蟹、日本绒螯蟹 )群体间的生化遗传差异。结果发现 ,(1)辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹群体间的生化遗传差异不显著 ,四个群体间的遗传距离D =0 .0 0 0 6～ 0 .0 0 53,属种内群体间差异。 (2 )珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹群体间的生化遗传差异也不显著 ,两个群体间遗传距离D=0 .0 0 0 7,尚未达到亚种分化水平。 (3)辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹与珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹在SOD同工酶表型上有明显差异 ,SOD - 2位点仅在辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹中表达 ,而SOD - 4位点仅在珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹中表达 ,这些可作为中华绒螯蟹与日本绒螯蟹群体区分的生化遗传标志。辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江中华绒螯蟹群体同珠江和南流江日本绒螯蟹群体间的遗传距离较大 ,D =0 .0 72 1～ 0 .0 74 7。 (4 )聚类分析表明 ,在我国大陆沿海水系分布的绒螯蟹可分为两大类群 ,辽河、黄河、长江和瓯江水系的绒螯蟹属北方类群 ,即中华绒螯蟹 ;珠江和南流江的绒螯蟹属南方类群 ,即日本绒螯蟹。

PHYLOGENESIS OF POPULATIONS OF MITTEN CRABS ( ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS, E. JAPONICUS) IN SIX RIVERS OF MAINLAND CHINA: BIOCHEMICAL GENETIC DIFFERENCE ANALYSIS

Biochemical genetic differences of two varieties of mitten crabs ( Eriocheir sinensis and Eriocheir jap onicus) from Liaohe, Huanghe, Changjiang, Oujiang, Pearl and Nanliujiang rivers in the mainland of China were analysed by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results showed: ( 1) There were no significant differences in biochemical genetic character of the mitten crab among Liaohe, Huanghe, Changjiang and Oujiang rivers, the genetic divergence among these four populations ( D = 0. 0006~ 0. 0053) were low and they all belong to populations of E . sinensis . ( 2) There was also no significant difference in biochemical genetic character of the mitten crab ( Eriocheir japonicus ) f rom Pearl and Nanliujiang rivers, the genetic distance was 0. 0007, which was lower than the genet ic divergence value at subspecies level. ( 3) There were significant dif ferences in the phenotype of SOD in the liver of the mitten crab between Liaohe, Huanghe, Changjiang, Oujiang rivers and Pearl, Nanliujiang rivers, where SOD - 2 was only found in the mitten crab of Liaohe, Huanghe, Changjiang , Oujiang rivers, while SOD- 4 was only found in the mitten crab of Pearl and Nanliujiang rivers, which could be used as biochemical genetic markers to differentiate these two groups of the mitten crab. The genetic distances between these two groups of the mitten crab were 0. 0721~ 0. 0747. ( 4) Dendrogram constructed by the genet ic distances among six populations of the mitten crab showed that there were two dif ferent clads. The northern clad was composed of the mitten crab ( Eriocheir sinensis) from Liaohe, Huanghe, Changjiang and Oujiang rivers, the southern clad consisted in the mitten crab ( Eriocheir japonicus ) from Pearl and Nanliujiang rivers.