五种蚌的形态变异与判别分析

运用多变量形态度量学方法，采用6个形态性状对褶纹冠蚌、三角帆蚌、圆背角无齿蚌、椭圆背角无齿蚌和球形无齿蚌5种蚌的种间以及地理种群间的形态变异进行了研究。主成分分析构建了2个主成分，第一主成分受4个性状的影响，贡献率为54.17%；第二主成分受1个性状的影响，贡献率为34.08%。主成分分析和聚类分析表明，褶纹冠蚌与三解帆蚌形态相近，随圆背角无齿蚌与球形无齿蚌外形相拟。方差分析和t检验表明，褶纹冠蚌和三解帆蚌的不同地理种群分别表现出形态上变异。建立了5种蚌的判别函数，三角帆蚌和圆背角无齿蚌的判别准确率均为100%，褶纹冠蚌、椭圆背角无齿蚌和球形无齿蚌的判别准确率依次为98.92%、86.36%和96.88%，总判别准确率为97.83%。

Morphological variations and discriminant analysis of five freshwater unionid species (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Based on 6 morphological characters of Cristaria plicata, Hyriopsis cunimgii , Anodonta woodiana pacif ica, A . woodiana elloptica and A . globosula in Unionidae, multivariate morphometrics were used to investigate their morphological variations among 5 species and 6 region populations. In the result of principal component analysis, two principal components ( PC) were constructed by factor loadings, in which the first principal component ( PC1) was affected by 4 characters and the PC2 was affected by 1 character, and the contributory ratio of two PC was 54. 17% and 34. 08% respectively. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that the morpho logical character of C . plicata and H . cunimgii was similar and the morphological character was similar between A . woodiana elloptica and A. globosula. ANOVA and t-test indicated that different region populations of C. plicata and H . cunimgii showed some morphological variations respectively. The discriminant functions of f ive unionid species were established, and the discriminant accuracy was 100% for H . cunimgii and A . woodiana pacif ica, 98. 92%, 86. 36% , 96. 88% for C. plicata, A. woodiana elloptica and A. globosula in turn, so the average discriminant accuracy was 97. 83%.