插片后珍珠蚌生长性状及其无核珍珠成珠率和大小

为了筛选优质的珍珠蚌插片组合，探究不同种类珍珠蚌相互插片后生长性状间的差异和相关性，以及各组合无核珍珠成珠率和大小的差异，利用三角帆蚌(S)、池蝶蚌(C)和褶纹冠蚌(Z)分别作为供片蚌和育珠蚌，获得9个育珠蚌组合，测量各育珠组合的体质量、壳长、壳高和壳宽，比较9个育珠蚌组合及3个未插片的三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌和褶纹冠蚌对照组在1年后生长性状的差异，对各生长性状相关性进行分析。测量每个育珠蚌所产无核珍珠的数量和大小，计算成珠率和圆度，分析不同组合之间无核珍珠的差异。结果显示，无核育珠手术影响珍珠蚌的生长性能，以三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌为育珠蚌的组合生长性状均优于对照组，S-S育珠组合在以三角帆蚌为育珠蚌组合内生长最优，S-C和C-C育珠组合在以池蝶蚌为育珠蚌组合中生长最优，而以褶纹冠蚌为育珠蚌的组合插片后生长性状指标均小于对照组。其中除了池蝶蚌同种插片组合(C-C育珠组合)外，其余各育珠组合壳长与体质量间相关系数均高于其他生长性状间相关系数，C-C育珠组合壳宽与体质量相关系数最大；三角帆蚌和池蝶蚌之间的插片组合（S-S、C-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合）及褶纹冠蚌同种插片组合（Z-Z育珠组合）成珠率较高(91.67%~100%)。S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合所育珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合内处于中等。研究表明，无核育珠手术改变珍珠蚌的生长性能，不同育珠组合生长性能存在差异，S-S、S-C和C-C育珠组合插片后生长性能较好，成珠率高，珍珠较圆但珍珠大小在各育珠组合中处于中等，该结果为探索不同珍珠蚌生长性状差异和相关性及其所产无核珍珠成珠率、大小的比较提供重要依据。

Preliminary study on the growth traits of pearl mussels and pearl formation percentage, size of non-nucleated pearl after graft operation

In order to screen out the high-quality combination of donor and host mussels, explore the difference and correlation in the growth traits of different pearl mussels after graft operation, compare the difference of the pearl-forming percentage and size in each combination, by using Hyriopsis cumingii (S), H. schlegelii (C) and Cristaria plicata (Z) as donor and host mussels respectively, 9 pearl mussels combinations were obtained. In addition, 3 species pearl mussels without graft operation were taken as control groups. 9 combinations and 3 control groups were compared by measuring the growth traits (body weight, shell length, shell height and shell width) one year after grafting, and at the same time the correlation of growth traits of each combination was analyzed. The number and size of non-nucleated pearl in each combination were measured, the pearl formation percentage and roundness were calculated and the difference among different combinations was analyzed. The results showed that the non-nucleated graft operation affects the growth performance of pearl mussels. The growth traits were better than corresponding values of control group when H. cumingii and H. schlegelii were host mussels. The growth traits of S-S group was biggest when H. cumingii were host mussels. The growth traits of S-C and C-C groups were biggest when H. schlegelii was host mussels. However, the growth of C. plicata groups was ess than the control group; except for the C-C group , the correlation coefficient between shell length and body weight was the highest compared to correlation coefficient of other growth traits in each group. The correlation coefficient between shell width and body weight of C-C group was the largest; the combinations between H. cumingii and H. schlegelii (S-S, C-S, S-C and C-C groups)had higher pearl formation percentage, the same with Z-Z group (91.67%-100%). S-S, S-C and C-C groups were rounder in shape but the pearl size was medium. The results showed that the non-nucleated graft operation affects the growth performance of pearl mussels and the growth performance of various combinations is different. The growth performance and pearl formation percentage of S-S, S-C, C-C groups were better but the pearl size was medium. The results provided an important basis for exploring the differences and correlation between the growth traits of different pearl mussels and the comparison of the pearl-forming rate and size of the non-nucleated pearls produced.