中国五大湖三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性及亲缘关系的SSR分析

采用微卫星技术，将9对微卫星引物用于我国五大淡水湖三角帆蚌（Hyriopsis cumingii）群体，即鄱阳湖（PY）、洞庭湖（DT）、太湖（TH）、巢湖（CH）、洪泽湖（HZ ）群体的遗传多样性及亲缘关系的研究。数据经TFPGA软件估算，分别完成不同群体位点的杂合度值、群体间遗传距离和相似指数计算及聚类分析，确立了5个群体间的亲缘关系。研究结果表明：（1）三角帆蚌5个群体的平均表观杂合度0.4964～0.5621，期望杂合度0.5540～0.6270，多态信息含量0.4061～0.4665，其中鄱阳湖群体遗传多样性最高，而洪泽湖群体最低。（2）五个群体遗传相似度在0.8947以上，遗传距离在0.0267～0.1113。聚类分析结果显示，鄱阳湖、巢湖与太湖聚在一起，亲缘关系较近，而洞庭湖群体与洪泽湖群体亲缘关系较近。（3）鄱阳湖三角帆蚌种质最好，并具有很好的育种潜力。

SSR analysis of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among different populations of Hyriopsis cumingii from the five lakes of China

With microsaterllite analysis method,9 pairs of microsatellite DNA primers were used to study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among the different populations of Hyriopsis cumingii from the five large Lakes of China: Poyang Lake(PY),Dongting Lake(DT),Tai Lake(TH),Chao Lake(CH) and Hongze Lake(HZ).Using the TFPGA software package,observing value of heterozygosity and expected value of heterozygosity were calculated.Also a clustering analysis and phylogenetic tree was made based on the results of the software. The results showed:(1)Observing value of mean heterozygosity of 9 microsaterllite loci of the 5 populations varied from 0.4964 to 0.5621,expected value of mean heterozygosity varied from 0.5540 to 0.6270 and the polymorphism information content varied from 0.4061 to 0.4665,with 0.4225 for DT population,0.4061 for HZ population,0.4421 for CH population,0.4435 for TH population and 0.4665 for PD.These results indicated PY had the highest genetic diversity and HZ had the lowest among the five populations of Hyriopsis cumingii.(2)The genetic similarity indexes were all above 0.8947,indicating closeness of their genetic relationship.The genetic distances were small,ranging from 0.0267-0.1113.Cluster's analysis showed that the phylogenetic relationships of PY,CH and TH population were quite near as well as DT and HZ were relatively near.(3)PY population of Hyriopsis cumingii is the best in genetic resources and has the best potentialities in breeding.