黄海南部近岸海域鱼类群落结构与区系划分

黄海南部海域具有复杂的水团结构和海流环境,使该海域鱼类群落产生较为复杂的空间结构。为研究黄海南部近岸海域鱼类群落结构特征,实验根据2014—2015年对该海域进行4个季度的底拖网调查数据,利用多元统计方法分析了该海域鱼类群落的分布格局并比较了各群落的相对生物量、生物多样性、优势种等结构特征。应用聚类分析(cluster)和多维标度排序(MDS)分析将黄海南部近岸海域划分为海州湾群落与江苏近岸群落;海州湾群落的平均相对资源量和生物多样性均高于江苏近岸群落,而暖温性与暖水性鱼类所占比重相对较低;海州湾群落的优势种主要为方氏云鳚、大泷六线鱼和日本鳀等,季节变化显著;江苏近岸群落的优势种为短吻红舌鳎、途、棘头梅童鱼和黑鳃梅童鱼等,季节变化不明显。研究表明,黄海南部近岸海域可划分为海州湾区系与江苏近岸区系,其鱼类群落结构特征具有显著差异。海流、水团、底质类型及水深等环境因子是形成鱼类群落结构差异的主要因素。

Fish assemblage structure and fauna discrimination in the coastal waters of southern Yellow Sea

The southern Yellow Sea shows complex ocean-current and hydrological features, which caused complex spatial structure of fish assemblages that have been poorly understood. Based on seasonal bottom-trawl survey data collected from 2014 to 2015 in the coastal waters of southern Yellow Sea, we used multivariate methods to analyze the structure of fish assemblages, and compared the biomass, diversity, and dominant species among faunas. The results of Cluster and MDS showed that fish assemblage in the southern Yellow Sea could be divided into the Haizhou Bay fauna and the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province fauna. The fish assemblage in Haizhou Bay showed higher species biodiversity and average catches than those of the coastal waters of Jiangsu Province, whereas the relative biomass of warm-water and warm-temperate species in Haizhou Bay community was lower than the other. The dominant specie were Pholis angi, Hexagrammos otakii and Engraulis japonicas in Haizhou Bay with significant seasonal alternations, while they were Collichthys lucidus, Miichthys miiuy, Cynoglossus joyneri and Collichthys niveatus in coastal waters of Jiangsu Province with trivial changes. Our study demonstrated that fish assemblage in the southern Yellow Sea could be divided into two faunas with significant differences in fish assemblage structure, which were attributed to the different water masses, ocean currents, depth and bottom sediment types in the two regions.