福建底拖网捕捞能力的分析

根据2002年福建闽南地区双船底拖网和单船底拖网的生产调查及全省渔业统计，结合相关的渔捞记录，应用DEA法，分析了福建各地，市底拖网的捕捞能力和闽南地区不同作业方式捕捞能力及其影响因素，并与单位捕捞努力量渔获量计算进行比较。结果表明：福建各地、市实际拥有底拖网的渔船数量、功率和吨位可能达到的最大产出量的“能力利用度”差异悬殊，1999年和2001年最低的仅为19．4％、19．9％；全省底拖网平均“能力利用度”偏低，1999年和2001年分别为64．3％、67．5％，全省底拖网作业仍然存在渔船的投人数量过多、功率和吨位偏大的问题；因捕捞方式不同，影响捕捞能力的因子有所不同，但投入功率和作业天数都是影响双船底拖网和单船底拖网捕捞能力的主要因素；在考虑将单位捕捞努力量渔获量数据转换为“能力利用度”时，其前提条件是计算采用的因子必须一致。但单位捕捞努力量渔获量在考虑计算投入因子的数量上有很大的局限性，采用DEA法可获得各种投入要素下捕捞能力变化的信息，结果比较符合客观实际。

An analysis of fishing capacity in bottom trawl fisheries in Fujian

Based on the production survey of the pair trawl and otter trawl fisheries in Minnan Area, Fujian Province, the provincial statistical data and some records related to the fishing operation, the DEA method was applied to analyze the fishing capacity of trawl fisheries in different areas of Fujain, the fishing capacity of different fishing methods in Minna Area, Fujian, and the factors affecting the fishing capacity. Then the fishing capacity calculated by DEA was compared with the catch per unit effort. The result showed that the capacity utilization of fishing fleet in different areas of Fujian was significantly different. The lowest in 1999 and 2001 was 19.4% and 19.9%, respectively. The average capacity utilizations for whole province were low. They were (64.3%) and 67.5% respectively for 1999 and 2001. The investment of Fujian Province was too great in the number, the total power, and the gross tonnage of fishing boats. The factors that affected fishing capacity would vary with different fishing methods. The power of boats and the number of fishing days in a year were the main factors that affected the capacity both in pair trawl and otter trawl. To exchange the results between CPUE and capacity utilization, the precondition was that the factors used to calculate them must be the exactly the same. When CPUE method was used to calculate fishing capacity, the number of factors was quite limitative. But using the DEA method, we could get different information of fishing capacity concluded by different calculative factors, so the results were more accordant with the facts.