不同稻田综合种养模式的成本效益分析

为获知和分析稻田综合种养模式在中国的发展现况及存在问题,根据2013年中国4个省份两种主要稻田种养模式的调查数据,采用Kruskal—Wallis非参数检验等方法分析了不同稻田种养模式在生产投入、经济效益上的差异以及在化肥、农药减量等方面的效应。结果显示,稻田综合种养具有较好的经济和生态效益,稻蟹、稻鱼两种种养模式的平均利润为水稻单作的2.43~3.92倍,化肥成本减少2.8%~49.2%,农药成本减少3.2%~83.6%,但技术成熟度及产业化程度的差异使种养户在最终经济收益及生态效益上的极差较大。研究表明,中国稻田综合种养规模化程度不够、成本投入偏高、综合种养生态、社会效益提升有限是目前面临的主要问题,因此加大政府的扶持力度,加强种养关键技术的研究,因地制宜将规模化的现代农业与传统稻田种养相结合是解决这些问题的关键。

Benefit-cost analysis of different rice-based production systems

Rice-based production system with the mixture of cropping and aquaculture is a traditional agriculture system in China.With the development of modern agriculture,it is becoming a popular food production pattern around China.Because rice-based production system could maintain the riceland biodiversity and reduce the production cost,Chinese government encourages the development of these coculture systems.Based on the local tradition and habit of cropping and aquaculture,there are two dominant coculture types:Rice-crab and rice-fish systems.However,to date,the cost,benifit and productivity per unit of these coculture patterns varied from farmer to farmer as well as from area to area,which indicated the rice-based production system is still immature and unstable.Therefore,based on the survey of rice-based production system from four typical provinces in 2013,we investigated the current status of two major rice-based production systems in China.In this study,the production inputs,economic benefits,fertilizer and pesticide utilization were analyzed and compared to provide the useful information for the future development of rice-based production system.The results are as follows:Compared to the rice monoculture,these two rice-based production systems have higher average profits(2.43-3.92 times),lower fertilizer and pesticide cost(reduced by 2.8%-49.2% and 3.2%-83.6% respectively).These results indicated that both rice-crab and rice-fish coculture systems had better economic and ecological benefits than rice monoculture system.But due to the technical immaturity and degree of industrialization,huge differences were observed on the final economic and ecological benefits among the farmers.This investigation revealed that the small scale,the high cost of inputs,limited ecological and social benefits are the main problems we are currently facing in the rice-based production systems.In conclusion,our results suggested further development of key technology,increasing the governmental support,and improvement of production scale are very important to slove these problems.