大鹏澳牡蛎养殖区生态服务价值评估

对中国南海典型的浅海养殖区——大亚湾大鹏澳牡蛎养殖区的生态服务价值进行了评估,结果表明:2012年,牡蛎养殖区生态服务价值总量为3 460.52万元,单位面积生态服务价值为17.30万元/hm2。在各项服务价值组成中,供给服务中的养殖生产服务价值(3 158.00万元)占主要份额(91.26%);此外,文化服务中的休闲娱乐(124.00万元)和科研服务(71.52万元)也比较可观,分别占价值总量的3.58%和2.07%;其他服务价值,如氧气生产(31.34万元),气候调节(61.06万元)以及废弃物处理(14.60万元)所占份额较小。2013年,养殖区生态服务价值总量降为814.10万元,单位面积生态服务价值降为4.07万元/hm2。在各项服务中,养殖生产服务价值(540.00万元)较2012年出现大幅度降低,但仍占主要份额(66.33%);氧气生产(31.34万元),休闲娱乐(124.00万元)和科研服务(71.52万元)价值与2012年持平,但其所占份额有所提升,分别占服务价值总量的3.85%,15.23%和8.79%;调节服务(包括气候调节与废弃物处理)价值相较2012年有大幅度下降,而其所占份额却有所上升。2013年养殖区生态服务价值的降低主要是由于养殖生产服务价值的大幅度降低造成的,而养殖规模过大和海区环境老化是造成该结果的直接原因。总体来说,牡蛎养殖大大提升了海区的生态服务价值,但是必须对养殖模式进行合理规划,这样才能实现大鹏澳生态服务功能的可持续发展。

Ecosystem service value assessment for an oyster farm in Dapeng Cove

In this study,we assessed the ecosystem service value of the oyster farm in Dapeng Cove,Daya Bay,using the methods and procedures of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and Technical Directives for Marine Ecological Capital Assessment.Results indicated that,the total ecosystem service value(ESV)of the oyster farm in 2012 was 3 460.52×10⁴ RMB,and the unit ESV was 17.30×10⁴ RMB/hm².The aquaculture production service value(3 158.00×10⁴ RMB)accounted for the largest proportion of the ESV(91.26%); besides,the recreation service value(124.00×10⁴ RMB)and scientific research service value(71.52×10⁴ RMB)accounted for comparatively high proportions(3.58% and 2.07%,respectively); the rest,such as oxygen generation value(31.34×10⁴ RMB),climate regulation value(61.06×10⁴ RMB)and waste treatment value(14.60×10⁴ RMB)accounted for lower proportions of the ESV.However,for the year 2013,the total ESV of this area decreased to 814.10×10⁴ RMB,and the unit ESV decreased to 4.07×10⁴ RMB/hm².In the composition of the ESV,the aquaculture production service value(540.00×10⁴ RMB)was much lower than that of the former year,but it still accounted for the largest proportion(66.33%)of the ESV; the oxygen production service value(31.34×10⁴ RMB),recreation service value(124.00×10⁴ RMB)and scientific research service value(71.52×10⁴ RMB)were consistent with the previous year,however,their proportions increased to 3.85%,15.23% and 8.79% of the ESV,respectively; the regulating service(including climate regulation and waste treatment)value decreased sharply during this year,however,it accounted for comparatively higher proportion of the ESV than that of 2012.We concluded that the degradation in the ESV was due to decrease of aquaculture production service,which was mainly caused by high stocking intensity and environmental degradation.In conclusion,the oyster culture promotes the ESV of the Dapeng Cove,however,reasonable regulation should be made for the sustainable development of the ecosystem function of this cove.