添加圆苞车前子壳粉的鲢鱼糜凝胶工艺优化及其凝胶特性

圆苞车前子壳粉(psyllium husk powder, PHP)是一种富含膳食纤维的食品亲水胶体。为了解其在鱼糜制品中的作用,本实验以冷冻鲢鱼糜为研究对象,以凝胶强度和持水性(water holding capacity, WHC)为考察指标,研究了PHP的添加量、凝胶化温度和凝胶化时间3个因素对鱼糜凝胶特性的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,进行了三因素三水平的正交试验和验证试验。正交试验结果得到最佳工艺条件:PHP添加量0.1%,凝胶化温度45°C,凝胶化时间2 h。单因素试验结果表明,添加适量PHP (0.1%～0.3%)能够增加鱼糜凝胶的硬度和WHC,但对破断距离有不利影响;根据验证试验中蒸煮损失率、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS-PAGE)和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)分析,PHP的添加降低了较高凝胶化温度时凝胶的蒸煮损失,PHP或许可以促进肌球蛋白重链(myosin heavy chain, MHC)分子间交联,减缓蛋白质降解,形成更加致密的凝胶结构。本研究对PHP作为一种新型食品原料应用于开发优质健康鱼糜制品进行了初步的探究,以期为丰富亲水胶在影响鱼糜凝胶特性中的应用研究提供一定的参考。

Processing optimization and gel properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi gels fortified with psyllium husk powder

Psyllium husk powder (PHP) is a food hydrocolloid rich in both soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. Previous studies have shown that the interaction between polysaccharide hydrocolloids and proteins could affect the ability to form gels, which suggests that the addition of PHP to surimi paste may have an impact on the properties of surimi gels. In order to study the the development and application of PHP in surimi products, three factors including the amount of PHP added, gelation temperature and gelation time on the gel properties of surimi were investigated, using frozen silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) surimi as the research object, gel strength and water holding capacity (WHC) as the inspection indicators. On the basis of single factor experiments, three-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment and verification experiment were carried out. The best processing conditions obtained through orthogonal test result were as follows: PHP addition amount 0.1%, gelation temperature 45 °C, and gelation time 2 h. The cooking loss rate, protein pattern and microstructure of fish sausage prepared by the traditional process (without PHP, gelation temperature 40 °C, gelation time 1 h), optimized process (0.1% PHP addition, gelation temperature 45 °C, gelation time 2 h) and optimized control process (without PHP, gelation temperature 45 °C, gelation time 2 h) were analyzed and compared to verify the properties of surimi gels under different conditions. The single factor test results showed that the addition of an appropriate amount of PHP (0.1%-0.3%) could increase the hardness and WHC of the surimi gel, but PHP might have an adverse effect on the deformation, and compared with the traditional technology, slightly higher temperature and longer time would help the surimi mixture to form better gel; the results of cooking loss rate, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the verification experiment indicated that the participation of PHP might reduce the cooking loss of surimi gel formed at higher gelation temperature, promote cross-linking between myosin heavy chain molecules, retard protein degradation and help to form a denser gel structure. PHP as a new food raw material used in the development of high-quality and healthy surimi products was preliminarily explored in this study. And it is expected to be able to provide some reference for enriching the research content about application of hydrocolloid in the performance of surimi gel properties.