Effects of dietary supplementation of A3α-peptidoglycan on innate immune responses and defense activity of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Immunology, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile;2. Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Center of Aquatic Biotechnology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Av. Bernardo O’Higgins, 3363 Santiago, Chile;1. Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway;2. Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, PO Box 1346, Kaneohe, HI 96744, USA;1. Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. Colleage of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;3. Function Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China;4. Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, National Lab for Ocean Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China;5. Colleage of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China;1. The Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Wolfson Medical Centre, Holon, Israel;2. The Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel;4. Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel;5. Department of Neonatology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel;6. The Division of Epidemiology, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel;7. Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel;8. Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, The Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Israel;9. Israel Center for Diseases Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel;10. Israeli National Polio Accreditation Committee, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel |
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| Abstract: | To determine the effect of dietary supplementation of A3α-peptidoglycan (A3α-PG), extracted from Bifidobacterium sp. cell wall, on the immune responses of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and explore a possible influence of doses and administration length, a 40-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate graded levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 g A3α-PG/kg diet) in the diet of juvenile Japanese flounder, followed by a challenge with Vibrio anguillarum by intraperitoneal injection. Growth, serum lysozyme, hemolytic complement activity, blood leucocyte phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, and total serum protein were monitored at intervals of 10, 20, 30 and 40 days.Growth, serum lysozyme, hemolytic complement activity, blood leucocyte phagocytic activity of juvenile Japanese flounder were generally enhanced by dietary supplementation of 1, 2, 4 and 8 g A3α-PG/kg diet and also enhanced immune responses, but not growth. The beneficial influence of A3α-PG on most of the tested immune responses were dose- and/or administration length-dependent except serum lysozyme, which was only stimulated by higher doses (more than 2 g A3α-PG/kg) after 40 days feeding. No significant influence of dietary supplementation of 0.5 g A3α-PG/kg on innate immunity was observed on juvenile fish. The highest dose explored in the present study, 16 g A3α-PG/kg, also failed to show any significant influences, although no obvious pathology was observed. Dietary supplementation of A3α-PG showed protection against V. anguillarum. The present study showed an immunomodulatory effect of dietary supplementation of A3α-PG and the potential use in health management of cultured economic fish species such as Japanese flounder. |
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