红尾副鳅肌肉营养成分分析和安全性评价

为评价红尾副鳅(Paracobitis variegatus)肌肉的营养价值与食用安全性,试验一选取采自石棉县的野生红尾副鳅165尾,其中雄鳅81尾(4.29±0.43)g,雌鳅84尾(4.36±0.59)g,检测了肌肉的一般营养成分、氨基酸组成和部分矿物元素,并将测定结果与泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)相比较,对红尾副鳅肌肉的营养价值进行了评定;试验二选取体表无伤、体质健壮的雨城区红尾副鳅120尾(4.21±0.85)g、天全县红尾副鳅120尾(3.22±0.73)g,分别置于不同浓度铬(0、200、400、600 mg/L)和铜(0、0.3、0.6、0.9 mg/L)的处理液中。分别于10 h、24 h后取肝胰脏和肌肉,检测铬、铜含量,考察红尾副鳅对铬、铜的富集程度。结果表明,红尾副鳅肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的质量分数分别为78.69%、18.49%、2.15%和1.34%;肌肉中17种水解氨基酸总量为87.50%(质量分数,干样),其中7种必需氨基酸总量为35.54%,占氨基酸总量的40.62%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为0.8008,氨基酸评分为1.02,赖氨酸含量丰富,苯丙氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸,必需氨基指数为75.23。红尾副鳅(石棉县)肌肉THQCu、THQCr分别为0.965 8和1.044 4,且Cu、As、Pb、Cr和Cd的THQ总值达2.266 9,表明长期食用野生红尾副鳅(石棉县)存在健康风险。不同浓度Cr、Cu处理组红尾副鳅(雨城区、天全县)肝胰脏和肌肉Cr、Cu含量均明显高于对照组,说明红尾副鳅对Cr、Cu具有较强的富集能力。综上,红尾副鳅是一种营养价值较高的淡水鱼类,具有良好的开发利用前景,但因红尾副鳅对重金属(Cr、Cu)的富集能力较强,进行人工养殖时须严格检测饲料和水体中重金属(Cr、Cu)的含量,并尽可能地缩短养殖周期。

Analysis of nutritional components and safety evaluation for the muscles of Paracobitis variegatus

Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the nutritional value and consumption safety of Paracobitis variega-tus.A total of 165 individuals of wild P.variegatus were collected from Shimian country for experiment 1, including 81 males for average weight of(4.29 ± 0.43) g and 84 females for average weight of(4.36 ± 0.59) g.The general nutrition components, amino acid composition and several mineral elements in the muscle of P.variegates were detected, and its nu-tritional value was evaluated by comparing the data of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.A total of 120 individuals of healthy P.variegatus from Yucheng district and 120 individuals of P.variegates from Tianquan country were collected for experiment 2, the average weight for which was(4.21 ± 0.85) g and(3.22 ± 0.73), respectively.Both of the 2 groups were im-mersed in the treatment fluid with different concentrations of chromium(0, 200, 400, 600 mg/L) and copper(0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 mg/L).The hepatopancreas and muscles of the P.variegatus were collected after 10 h and 24 h respectively to detect the degree of enrichment for the content of chromium and copper.The results showed that the mass fraction of mois-ture, crude protein, crude lipid and ash in the muscles of P.variegatus(fresh sample) were 78.69%, 18.49%, 2.15% and 1.34%, respectively.The total content of the 17 hydrolyzed amino acids was 87.50%(mass fraction,dry sample), in which the total content of essential amino acids was 35.54%, accounting for 40.62% of the total amino acids.The ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids was 0.8008, the amino acids score was 1.02.Lysine was rich, phen-ylalanine was the first restricted amino acid.The essential amino acid index was 75.23.The target hazard quotients(THQ) of Cu(THQCu)and Cr(THQCr) in P.variegatus muscles fromShimian country were 0.9658 and 1.0444, respectively.In addition, the total value of THQ including THQCu, THQAs, THQPb, THQCr and THQCd was 2.2669, which indicated that there existed health risk for a long-term consumption of the wild P.variegatus in Shimian country.After treatment with different concentrations of Cu and Cr, the contents of Cu and Cr in the muscles and hepatopancreas of the P.variegatus in Yucheng district and Tianquan country were both higher than those in the control group, which indicated that P.variegatus has strong enrichment ability to Cr and Cu.In conclusion, P.variegatus is a high nutritional value freshwater fish species, which has good prospect for its artificial breeding.However, for the strong enrichment ability of heavy metals(Cr,Cu) in P.variegatus, the contents of heavy metals(Cr,Cu) in feed and water should be strictly detected during artificial breeding and the breeding time should be shortened as much as possible.