不同养殖模式下加州鲈营养成分差异分析

为了解池塘养殖和工厂化循环水养殖加州鲈营养品质差异,采用国家标准方法测定了两种不同养殖模式加州鲈(Micropterus salmoides)肌肉的常规营养成分、脂肪酸组分和氨基酸组分,并对两者的营养价值进行了分析评价。结果显示:循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中灰分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,其中粗蛋白含量达到极显著水平;共检测出10种脂肪酸,循环水养殖加州鲈的总脂肪酸、总多不饱和脂肪酸和EPA+DHA均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,总不饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸的差异达到极显著水平;共检测出17种氨基酸,循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中各种必需氨基酸(EAA)含量均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,除苯丙氨酸外差异均达到显著或极显著水平,其中赖氨酸含量最高,亮氨酸次之,蛋氨酸含量最低;循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸、总非必需氨基酸和总鲜味氨基酸含量均高于池塘养殖加州鲈,前三者差异达到极显著水平;根据ASS和CS评分结果,池塘养殖和循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中第一、二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸和蛋+半胱氨酸,循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉中EAA的ASS和CS均大于池塘养殖加州鲈,且数值均大于或接近1。结果表明:工厂化循环水养殖加州鲈肌肉较之池塘养殖加州鲈的营养品质更好,更加符合人类膳食的需要。

Comparative study on nutritional components of Micropterus salmoides under different aquaculture modes

The national standard method was used to determine the conventional nutrients,fatty acid components and amino acid components of Micropterus salmoides in two different aquaculture modes to understand the differences in nutrient quality between pond cultured and industrialized recirculating aquacultured.Meanwhile,the nutritional value of the two aquaculture modes was analyzed and evaluated.The results showed that ash,crude fat and crude protein content in muscle of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture were higher than those of M.salmoides from pond culture.Among them,the crude protein content was very significant level.A total of 10 fatty acids were detected,total fatty acids,total polyunsaturated fatty acids,total essential fatty acids and EPA+DHA of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture were higher than those from pond culture.The difference between total unsaturated fatty acids and total polyunsaturated fatty acids were very significant level.A total of 17 amino acids were detected,various essential amino acid contents in muscle of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture were higher than those from pond culture.The difference was significant or very significant except phenylalanine,lysine content was the highest,leucine ranks the second place,and methionine content was the lowest.Total amino acid,total essential amino acid,total non-essential amino acid and total umami amino acid content in muscle of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture were higher than those from pond culture,the difference between the first three were very significant level.According to score results of ASS and CS,the first and second limiting amino acids in muscle of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture and pond culture were valine and egg cystine+cysteine,AAS and CS of EAA in muscle of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture were greater than those from pond culture,and the values were greater than or close to 1.Given the results,the nutritional quality of muscle of M.salmoides from recirculating aquaculture was better than those from pond culture.