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复合中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫指标的影响
引用本文:李明,董晓慧.复合中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫指标的影响[J].淡水渔业,2008,38(6).
作者姓名:李明  董晓慧
作者单位:广东海洋大学,广东湛江,524088
基金项目:广东海洋大学自然科学研究项目 
摘    要:研究一种复方中草药制剂(黄芪∶板蓝根∶金银花∶生石膏=1∶1∶1∶1)对凡纳滨对虾生长和免疫的影响。生长与免疫试验设7个处理,试验虾饲喂在基础饲料中分别添加0.0%、0.5%、0.9%、1.3%、1.7%、2.1%、2.5%的饲料,凡纳滨对虾的初始体重为0.10 g,养殖周期56 d。结果显示:随着复方中草药水平增加,凡纳滨对虾的增重率和特定生长率随之增加,但仅最高组(2.5%组)与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05),其它各组与对照组均无显著差异;饲料系数和成活率各组与对照组均无显著差异,用二次回归曲线得到复方中草药水平为2.07%时增重率最高;复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾血清中超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶、酚氧化物酶和溶菌酶有显著影响,随着复方中草药水平的增加,这4种酶的活力出现先显著增加后下降的趋势,酶活力最高的组是2.1%组;而对酸性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶活力没有显著影响。攻毒试验设3个处理组,不添加中草药的对照组、间隔投喂组和连续投喂添加了2.1%中草药制剂组,养殖试验结束后采用注射和投喂病毒两种方法攻毒(1.4×108cfu/mL弧菌病毒)。结果表明:注射和投喂后连续投喂组的免疫保护率分别为50%和79.19%,比对照组(试验Ⅰ组)高27.1%和17.2%。因此,在本实验条件下连续投喂添加2.1%复方中草药制剂的饲料,可以促进凡纳滨对虾的生长并提高其免疫力。

关 键 词:凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus  vannamei)  复方中草药制剂  生长  免疫指标

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicines on Growth and Immunity of White Shrimp( Litopenaeus vannamei)
LI Ming,DONG Xiao-hui.Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicines on Growth and Immunity of White Shrimp( Litopenaeus vannamei)[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2008,38(6).
Authors:LI Ming  DONG Xiao-hui
Abstract:Trial was conducted to investigate the effects of compound Chinese herbal medicines(Milkvetch root(Radix Astragali)∶Isatis root(Radix Isatidis)∶Honeysuckle flower(Flos Lonicerae)∶gypsum=1∶1∶1∶1)on growth and immunity of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei,Boone,and the optimum level of the compound was also studied.Six experimental diets with different compound Chinese herbal medicines levels(0.0%,0.5%,0.9%,1.3%,1.7%,2.1%and 2.5%)were formulated.The feeding trial was carried out in 300 L cylindrical fiberglass tanks at the stocking rate of 30 shrimps(initial average weight 0.10 g)per tank for 56 days.Three replicate groups of shrimps were conducted for testing each diet.The results showed that WGR and SPR increased with the increase of compound Chinese herbal medicines levels,but only the 2.5% grade group was significantly different compared to control group(P<0.05).There was no difference in the grade groups for FCR and SR.According to the analysis of variance(ANOVA)and quadratic model regression analysis of WGR and compound Chinese herbal medicines levels in the practical diets,the highest WGR was gained when compound Chinese herbal medicines level was 2.07%.The activities of SOD,PO,LSZ and AKP in the serum of white shrimps were influenced significantly.Activities of the four enzymes increased when the compound Chinese herbal medicines were lower than 2.1%,but decreased when the compound Chinese herbal medicines level was higher than that.However,the activities of ACP and POD were not significantly influenced by the level of the compound Chinese herbal medicines.Test Ⅱ The shrimps were infected vibrio by injection and feeding,death rate in 72 hours was counted.In the injection infecting experiment(1.4×108 cfu/mL,vibrio)and feeding infecting experiment(1.4×108 cfu/mL,vibrio),the immune protective rates were 50% and 79.19%.A conclusion from the trial was that adding the feed with the compound Chinese herbal medicines under laboratory conditions could promote the growth and immunity of white shrimps,and its optimum level was 2.1%.
Keywords:Litopenaeus vannamei  compound Chinese herbal medicines  growth  immunity
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