不同肥料对池塘细菌种群的影响

运用PCR-DGGE技术分析有机肥(干鸡粪)和化肥(碳酸氢铵和磷酸一铵)对鱼苗池塘中的理化因子和细菌数量及其种群结构的影响,以探讨细菌种群结构对不同肥料的响应。结果显示:施肥后池塘中NH4+-N、PO43--P、NO 3--N和NO 2--N等浓度增加,透明度降低,细菌数量、种群多样性和丰富度指数均增加;化肥增加溶氧和升高pH,有机肥却降低溶氧和pH。施肥后蓝细菌门(Cyanobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)种群成为优势种群,有机肥能增加厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)种群的相对丰度,而化肥却降低其相对丰度;β-和γ-变形杆菌纲种群的相对丰度在施入化肥后增加,有机肥却限制γ-和δ-变形杆菌纲种群,化肥明显降低放线菌门种群的相对丰度。池塘中理化因子、细菌种群数量及其结构因施入不同肥料发生相应的变化。

Effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application on the bacterial community in ponds

In order to explore the responses of the bacterial community to different types of fertilizer,this study concerns the impact of organic manure and chemical fertilizer application on physical and chemical parameters and the bacterial community and bacterial diversity in ponds using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE)analysis of PCR-amplified bacterial 16S rDNA gene V3 region.The results showed that both organic manure and chemical fertilizer application treatments had induced high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen(NH4+-N),nitrite nitrogen(NO2——N),nitrate nitrogen(NO3——N)and phosphate phosphor us(PO43——P)with different degrees,and they rosed bacterial counts,the bacterial Shannon-Weaver diversity and Richness index,but reduced water transparency(SD).Dissolved oxygen(DO)and pH of pond water increased after using chemical fertilizers,but compared with the control they decreased with organic manure treatment.Cyanobacteria and Bacteroides became the dominant species in pond after using organic manure or chemical fertilizers,and organic manure could significantly rise the bacterial relative abundance of Firmicutes,but chemical fertilizers reduced it.The bacterial relative abundance of β-and γ-proteobacteria increased after using chemical fertilizers,but organic manure restricted γ-and δ-proteobacteria.Chemical fertilizer treatments decreased the bacterial relative abundance of Actinobacteria.The change of physical and chemical parameters,bacterial counts and its community structure were associated with different types of fertilizer.