四种植物蛋白对黄颡鱼肠道形态结构的影响

以鱼粉为对照,研究了饲料中分别添加25%和50%的豆粕、花生粕、菜粕和棉粕这4种植物蛋白时黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)肠道形态结构的变化。试验鱼初始体重为(22.95±0.35)g,饲养8周。结果表明:与对照组比,植物蛋白添加水平在25%时,豆粕组黄颡鱼的肠道组织结构没有明显变化;花生粕组肠黏膜上皮细胞之间界限不清晰,空泡较多。黏膜下层有所增厚,但未见淋巴细胞浸润。菜粕组和棉粕组肠道黏膜高度均显著下降,且棉粕组黏膜下层增厚,上皮内有淋巴细胞浸润,肌层也显著变薄。添加水平达到50%时,各试验组黄颡鱼中肠结构均产生明显变化。从蛋白质效率看,50%的豆粕组和棉籽粕组与对照组没有显著差异,而50%花生粕组和菜粕组与对照组差异显著。上述结果表明:黄颡鱼肠道对饲料植物蛋白种类和添加量很敏感,4种植物蛋白选用时,豆粕和棉粕要优于花生粕和菜粕,花生粕、棉粕、菜粕的安全添加量应在25%以下,豆粕应在50%以下,适宜添加量有待深入研究。

Effects of four kinds of plant protein on intestinal morphology of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of soybean meal(SBM),peanut meal(PM),rapeseed meal(RM) and cottonseed meal(CM) on intestinal morphology of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco(initial body weight:22.95±0.35 g) when addition level set at 25% and 50% respectively with fish meal(FM) based diet as control.The results showed when the plant protein was at 25%,no significant difference was observed in intestinal morphology in fish fed SBM diet.In fish fed PM diet,however,the boundary of intestinal epithelial cell was not clear,and more supranuclear vacuoles and thicker submucosa was observed when compared with control group.In fish fed RM and CM diet,the height of mucosal fold was significantly lower than that of control group.The submucosa was thicker and the muscular layer was significantly thinner in fish fed CM diet than that of control group,but no increased lymphocytes infiltrating.When the plant protein level reached 50%,serious pathological changes of intestinal in fish of all groups were observed.Significant decreased protein efficiency was only observed in fish fed 50% PM and RM diet.These results suggested the intestinal tract of P.fulvidraco was sensitive to the kinds and levels of plant protein.SBM and CM were better than PM and RM for P.fulvidraco.When CM,PM,RM were added as the only plant source to the diet,the proportion should be no more than 25% while SBM no more than 50%,however,the appropriate addition level was still pending according to the present study.