锦江鱼类资源现状与物种多样性分析

2013年8月—2016年8月对沅江水系支流锦江的鱼类资源现状进行了调查。通过向渔民购买、现场捕捞等方式,共调查野生鱼类43种,隶属于5目11科39属,其中鲤科鱼类25种,占总种类数的58.1%。调查到新记录种5种,分别为大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus)、吻(Rhinogobio typus)、洞庭华鲮(Sinilabeo tungting)、云南盘(Discogobio yunnanensis)和大眼鳜(Siniperca kneri)。干、支流均以底层鱼类为主,种类数分别占各自总数的55.8%和71.4%。对比历史资料,G-F多样性指数呈下降趋势。对干流渔获物种类的周年统计发现,出现频率在50%以上的鱼类有8种,其中泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)和鲇(Silurus asotus)的出现频率均达到97.3%。

The present status and diversity of fish resources in Jinjiang River

The Jinjiang River is situated in the southeast of Guizhou, China and belongs to Dongting Lake water system. In order to analyze the present status and diversity characteristics of present wild fish resources, the field investigation took place from August 2013 to August 2016, and the fishes were collected from fishermen and live fishing. The results showed 43 species distributed in the river, which belonging to 5 orders, 11 families and 43 genera. The fishes of Cyprinidae were dominant in the river, with the number of 25 species, and the percentage of 58. 1%. And five species were first found, which were Paramisgurnus dabryanus, Rhinogobio typus, Sinilabeo tungting, Discogobio yunnanensis and Siniperca kneri. The major group in the main stream and tributary were demersal fishes, with the percentage of 55. 8% and 71. 4% respec-tively. Compared with the historical data, there was a decreasing tendency for the diversity index of genus-family level. An annual statistics of fishery catches from the main stream discovered that the occurrence frequency of 8 species were more than 50%, of which the wild fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus and Silurus asotus reached 97. 3%, and the percentage of Cypriniformes was 75. 0%.