长湖5种鲌摄食器官形态学的比较

为了阐明长湖5种土著鲌类摄食器官形态特征间的差异,于2014年采集红鳍原鲌(Chanodichthys erythropterus)、翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)、达氏鲌(C.dabryi)、蒙古鲌(C.mongolicus)、拟尖头鲌(Erythroculter oxycephaloides)等5种鲌类共277尾,采用非参数检验、方差分析和判别分析等对5种鲌类的11个摄食器官形态指标和食物组成进行比较分析。结果显示,长湖5种鲌类摄食器官形态特征存在差异,差异主要表现在上、下颌伸展度、口宽3个性状上;典型判别分析显示5种鲌种间离散程度较高;聚类分析表明翘嘴鲌和达氏鲌摄食器官形态相似度最高,蒙古鲌和红鳍原鲌相似度最低。长湖翘嘴鲌、达氏鲌、蒙古鲌的食物主要以、鲫鱼、麦穗鱼和虾为主;水草是红鳍原鲌食物的重要组成部分,昆虫在拟尖头鲌食物中占有一定比例。表明5种鲌在食物组成上有一定的相似性,但在主要饵料的种类和比例上存在差别。由此可以看出,长湖5种鲌摄食器官形态与食性之间表现出一定程度上的适应性。

Morphological variations of feeding organs of five species of Culter from Changhu Lake

In order to clarify the morphological characteristics difference of feeding organ among five kinds of indigenous Culter in Changhu Lake, a total of 277 individuals were collected in 2014 from Changhu Lake, belonging to five species, Chanodichthys erythropterus, Culter alburnus, C. dabryi, C. mongolicus and Erythroculter oxycephaloides. 11 morphological traits of feeding organ and food composition of these 5 species were investigated by using nonparametric test, analysis of va-riance and discriminant analysis. The results showed that there were differences in feeding organ among five kinds of Culter in Changhu Lake. The differences were mainly showed in the extension of the upper and lower jaw and mouth wide. The canonical discriminant analysis showed a high degree of dispersion among the species. The cluster analysis indicated that the morphological characters of C. alburnus were most similar to C. dabryi, but C. mongolicus minimum similar to C. erythropterus. The food of C. alburnus, C. dabryi and C. mongolicus mainly gave priority to Hemiculter leucisculus, Caras-sius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva and Shrimp. Aquatic plant was an important part of food of C. erythropterus, and insects occupied a certain proportion in food of E. oxycephaloides. Results showed that although five species of Culter have some similarities on food composition, but there are differences in the type and proportion of main food. It can be concluded, that the feeding organ morphology of five kinds of Culter exhibited a certain degree of adaptability to feeding manner and feeding habits.