虹鳟不同养殖群体杂交F_1及其自繁系生产性能的比较

利用5个不同遗传背景的虹鳟养殖群体(以A、B、C、D、E分别表示虹鳟的渤海、丹麦、道氏、挪威、加州养殖群体)为材料,采用单因子和多因子两种交配策略,于2004年12月14日,建立了虹鳟不同亲本的杂交系和自繁系,由20个正、反交组合与5个自繁群组成,对其生产性能进行了近两年的比较试验。结果表明:从开食到1+龄鱼阶段(2005-03~2006-10),各杂交组合成活率的平均值与渤海、丹麦、道氏、挪威和加州自繁系相比分别提高了25.21%、2.34%、7.18%、4.18%和5.92%;各杂交组合饲料系数的平均值比渤海自繁系降低了19.74%,与其他养殖群体相比差异不显著(P>0.05);A♀×B♂、C♀×A♂和C♀×B♂组合的生长速度相对于五个自繁系分别提高了13.1%、9.2%和1.5%,且差异显著(P<0.05)。而从11月龄到22月龄(同环境饲育阶段),A♀×B♂、C♀×A♂、C♀×B♂和D♀×B♂组合相对于五个自繁系的平均生长速度分别提高了9.3%、17.5%、16.7%和8.9%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。五个群体间存在的遗传差异是它们能够获得杂种优势和性状得到改良的基础。

Comparison on the Production Performance between Different Base Populations of Rainbow Trout and Their Hybrid F1

In December of 2004,there were 20 reciprocal hybrid str ains and 5 self-bred lines established through the single mating system or fact orial mating system using five cultural populations including Bo Hai,Danmark,Don aldson,Norway and California population of rainbow trout,also the comparison on the performances between 20 reciprocal hybrid and 5 self-bred lines had been c arried out for about two years.The results demonstrated that the survival rate o f hybrid lines from starting feed to about 2 year older increased 25.21%,2.34% ,7.18%,4.18% and 5.92% than that of the self-bred line of Bo Hai,Danmark,Don aldson,Norway,and California population respectively,also the average absolute g rowth rates of hybrid lines including A♀×B♂,C♀×A♂ and C♀×B♂ increased 13.1%,9.2% and 1.5% than the average of fi ve self-bred lines(P<0.05),but the average feed coeffic ient of hybrid lines raised only 19.74% than that of the self-bred line of Bo Hai,there was no significant difference between them and the other self-bred li nes(P>0.05).But from 11month to 22month older,the average absolute growth rates of hybrid lines including A♀×B♂,C♀×A ♂,C♀×B♂and D♀×B♂increased 9.3%,17.5%,16 .7% and 8.9% than the average of five self- bred lines(P<0 .01),the reason why there are genetic differences among five cultural popu lations was that the base to gain the hybrid vigour and improvement of productio n traits.