略论我国海水鱼类苗种繁育和种质改良的研究

种苗是海洋生物养殖产业的源头和必需的物质基础,种质是海洋养殖业的核心问题。海水养殖产业"种子工程"包括"健康苗种繁殖"和"优良种质创制"两个部分,前者以实现原种和良种的人工繁殖为中心目标,还包括与之相匹配的设施设备等建设,对鱼类原种开发、种子扩繁和产业发展起到支撑作用;后者强调应用现代生物技术,以不断改进和优化原种种质为目标,是增加产量的有效途径,是实现海水养殖业健康和可持续发展的有效保证。本文以海水鱼类为例,分析了"种子工程"两个方面的研究发展历程、研究中心目标及其内在既有联系又相对独立的研究特点,基于研究和产业平衡发展的共同需要,应坚持二者并列、并重的研究方向。文中还对当前海水养殖鱼类原种开发、种质改良和良种选育等研究领域提出了初步看法和设想。

Discussion on research direction for seed breeding and selected breeding of marine fish

Seed is the source and fundamental substance for marine fish aquaculture, while germplasm is the core issue. Both seed breeding and selected breeding are involved in ＂Seed Engineering Project＂. The former is aimed at artificial propagation of basic and certified seed, which supports basic seed exploitation, seed production and industrial development. The latter is aimed at improving and optimizing basic seed, which supports sustained and sound development of marine fish aquaculture. Taking marine fish as an example, the researching development course and each central researching aim of seed breeding and selected breeding were analyzed in this paper, which possessed mutual connection and relative independence feature. There were differences in conception and connotation between them. We should persist in balanced and equal development of research direction between them. Furthermore, we also put forward the preliminary visualizations on original seed exploitation, germplasm advancement, seed selection and breeding of marine fish.