越南开发南海金枪鱼资源的历史和趋势

近十年来,越南将南海的金枪鱼资源作为其＂外向型＂渔业的重要支撑,不断增加捕捞强度,产量逐年升高。本文总结了越南发展南海金枪鱼渔业的过程,分析了南海金枪鱼资源的开发趋势。越南现代化的金枪鱼捕捞技术主要来自日本,使用的渔具主要有金枪鱼延绳钓、手钓、刺网和小型围网,捕捞的种类主要为鲣鱼、黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼,主要作业区域在西沙群岛南部海域和南沙群岛海域。越南2009年金枪鱼的产量已达到5.9×104t,计划2015年达到30×104t。根据越南海洋渔业研究所（RIMF）的评估,南海中西部的金枪鱼资源量为66~67×104t,可捕量23.3×104t,其中鲣鱼的可捕量21.6×104t,黄鳍金枪鱼和大眼金枪鱼的可捕量1.7×104t。随着全球金枪鱼捕捞配额的缩减和越南＂外向型＂渔业经济的发展,越南将继续加强对南海金枪鱼资源的开发。

History and trends of Vietnamese tuna fishery in the South China Sea

Tuna fishery is the mainstay of ‘export oriented＇fisheries in Vietnam currently. Accordingly,the yield of tuna caught from the South China Sea was increasing with the growing fishing efforts of Vietnam. Based on the published materials,we summarized the developing process of Vietnamese tuna fishery,and forecasted the exploitation trends of such fishery resource in the South China Sea. Modern tuna longline fishing techniques were grasped by Vietnamese in 1992 when the cooperative survey voyage in western South China Sea on pelagic resources was conducted by Japan and Vietnam. Longline,handline,gillnet and small purse seine were the common fishery gears used in Vietnamese tuna fisheries,and the main catch were skipjack Katsuwonus pelamis,yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares and bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus,which were mainly caught in the southern waters of Xisha Islands and adjacent wastes of Nansha Islands. The caught of tuna in Vietnam exceeded 59 thousand tons in 2009,and their goal is to achieve 300 thousand tons in 2015. Based on the stock assessment of Vietnam Research Institute of Marine Fisheries（ RIMF）,the abundance and total allowable catch（ TAC） of tuna in the western and central South China Sea were 660- 670 thousand tons and 233 thousand tons,respectively. And the TAC including the skipjack accounts for 216 thousand tons, yellowfin tuna and bigeye tuna accounts for 17 thousand tons in total. Along with the reducing fishing quota in the global tuna fisheries and the development of ‘export oriented＇fishery policy in Vietnam,the tuna fishery in the South China Sea will be strengthening continually by Vietnam.