电动拖拉机动力电池压载构型设计与参数优化

为改善电动拖拉机动力电池压载效果以提升整机牵引性能，提出了一种位置可调的电池压载框架结构；基于牵引性能预测基本方程，以驱动效率、滑转率和前轴安全压载综合最优为目标建立电池压载参数优化模型，该模型可根据作业条件给出最优电池压载参数；在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台上搭建了电动拖拉机牵引作业仿真模型，针对负载1~5kN范围内的水平牵引工况，对电池压载参数优化前后的牵引性能进行了仿真对比分析；基于所提出的位置可调电池压载框架结构，搭建了电动拖拉机实验样机，并在室内土槽环境下对压载参数优化模型进行验证。结果表明：在保证前桥安全压载的前提下，所提出的电池压载构型使牵引车速和能量利用率分别提升4.16%和5.66%，有效提升了电动拖拉机的牵引作业性能。

Configuration Design and Parameter Optimization of Power Battery Ballast for Electric Tractor

The tractor traction performance is closely related to the distribution of the tractor''s total weight on the front and rear axles. For the rear wheel drive tractor, it is one of the effective ways to improve the tire-soil adhesion state so as to promote the traction performance of the tractor by reasonably selecting the ballast weight for the drive axle and optimizing the axle load distribution between the front and rear axles. A position-adapted battery ballast frame structure was proposed to improve the ballast effect so as to improve the traction performance of the electric tractor. Based on the equations for traction performance prediction, an optimization model of battery ballast parameters was established with the goal of comprehensive optimization of driving efficiency, slip ratio and safety ballast of front axle. The simulation model of electric tractor under the horizontal traction condition with the load range of 1~5kN was built on the Matlab/Simulink platform, and the traction performances before and after the ballast optimization were simulated and analyzed. Referring to the position-adapted battery ballast frame structure, the experimental prototype of electric tractor was designed, and the ballast parameter optimization model was verified by ploughing in the soil tank in the indoor environment. The results showed that under the premise of ensuring the safety ballast of the front axle, the battery layout optimization can improve the traction speed and energy utilization rate by 4.16% and 5.66%, respectively, which effectively improved the traction performance of electric tractor.