西北现代生态灌区建设理论与技术保障体系构建

灌区是我国粮食安全和现代农业发展的基础保障，同时也是区域经济发展和生态环境保护的重要基石。然而西北地区独特的气候、地貌及社会经济状况导致了灌区生产能力和生态服务功能难以满足现代生态农业发展的需求。通过系统分析西北灌溉农业发展中面临的水资源过度开发、土壤盐碱化严重、生态环境功能低下等方面的问题，阐述了西北现代生态灌区的内涵与特征，并基于农业生产“功能水分”来源，将西北灌区划分成了灌溉依赖型灌区、灌溉主导型灌区、灌溉补充型灌区和灌溉提质型灌区4类。以灌区农业生产系统、物能输配系统、生态环境系统为建设对象，提出了灌区生态服务功能优化配置、灌区农田物能调控和灌区生态系统安全评估三大核心理论，构建了灌区系统控污与景观价值提升技术、灌排系统管控技术、作物生境要素综合调控技术三大关键技术，从而形成了西北现代生态灌区理论与技术保障体系，为我国西北灌溉农业高质量可持续发展提供理论与技术指导。

Theory and Technical Guarantee System Construction of Modern Ecological Irrigation District in Northwest China

Irrigation district is the basic guarantee of food security and modern agricultural development in China, as well as the important cornerstone of regional economic development and ecological environment protection. However, the unique climate, landform, and economic conditions in Northwest China make it difficult for the production capacity and ecological service function of irrigation districts to meet the needs of modern agricultural development. Based on the systematic analysis of the challenges (e.g., over-exploitation of water resources, soil salinization, agricultural water-saving, ecological environment construction, drought resistance and disaster reduction capacity, management, and maintenance) in the development of irrigation agriculture in Northwest China, the connotation and features of modern ecological irrigation district in Northwest China were put forward. According to the water source and agricultural production function, the irrigation districts in Northwest China can be divided into four types: irrigation-dependent district, irrigation-dominated district, irrigation-supplementary district, and irrigation-optimization district. Agricultural production system, material energy transmission system, and ecological environment system in irrigation district were proposed as research objects. Three core theories, namely optimal allocation theory of ecological service function, regulation theory of farmland material and energy, and ecosystem security assessment in irrigation district were proposed. Three key technologies, namely pollution control and landscape value enhancement technology, irrigation and drainage system control technology, and crop habitat integrated control technology were constructed. A theoretical and technical support system for modern ecological irrigation areas in the Northwest China was constructed, which can provide theoretical and technical guidance for the high-quality and sustainable development of irrigated agriculture in Northwest China.