免耕播种机浅旋清茬斜置式防堵装置设计与试验

针对黄淮海地区玉米免耕播种作业时，过量小麦秸秆残茬堵塞开沟器的问题，提出一种以拨离残茬和浅旋根茬形式实现苗床清整的斜置式防堵装置。通过理论分析对防堵装置结构参数进行设计，确定了各参数的范围和相互关系，并根据装置结构对耕刀拨茬入土和脱茬离土的过程进行受力分析，确定了影响工作性能的因素。运用离散元方法模拟防堵装置在田间作业过程，以秸秆清除率、土壤扰动系数和功耗为评价指标，对装置倾角、转速和前进速度进行回归分析和显著性检验，确定了各因素对评价指标的影响及主次顺序。通过对回归模型进行多目标函数优化求解，得到最优参数组合为：转速400r/min、前进速度6km/h、倾角18.5°，此时秸秆清除率为74.5%、土壤扰动系数为34.7%、功耗为1.36kW。以优化得到的参数对装置进行土槽试验，试验结果表明：转速为400r/min、前进速度6km/h、倾角18.5°时，秸秆清除率为92.5%、土壤扰动系数为29.6%、功耗为1.51kW，试验结果与仿真试验优化结果相吻合，满足设计要求。

Design and Experiment of Oblique Anti-blocking Device for No-tillage Planter with Shallow Plowing Stubble Clearing

In view of the problem that excessive wheat straw residues blocked the furrow opener in the no-tillage sowing operation in Huang-Huai-Hai region, an oblique anti-blocking device was proposed to achieve the cleaning of the seedling bed in the form of dial-off stubble and shallow rotation stubble. The structural parameters of the anti-blocking device were designed to determine the stubble clearing width, tillage spacing, knife shaft position and inclination range. According to the device structure, the force analysis of the plough blade in the anti-blocking process was carried out to determine the factors affecting the working performance. Through the discrete element simulation of anti-blocking device in the field operation process, taking straw cleaning rate, soil disturbance coefficient and power consumption as evaluation indexes, regression analysis and significance test were carried out on the inclination angle, revolution speed and forward speed of the device, and the influence of various factors on the evaluation index and the primary and secondary order were determined. The order of influence on straw clearance rate and soil disturbance coefficient was inclination angle, forward speed and rotational speed, and the order of influence on power consumption was inclination angle, rotational speed and forward speed. Through the multi-objective function optimization of the regression model, the optimal combination of parameters was obtained as follows: rotational speed of 400r/min, forward speed of 6km/h, inclination of 18.5°, and the straw clearance rate was 74.5%, the soil disturbance coefficient was 34.7%, and the power consumption was 1.36kW. The soil bin test was carried out on the device with the optimized parameters to verify the working performance of the anti-blocking device. The test results showed that compared with the inclination angle of 0°, when the rotational speed was 400r/min, the forward speed was 6km/h, and the inclination angle was 18.5°, the straw clearance rate and the straw side throw were improved, the soil disturbance coefficient was increased, the moving soil rate was increased, the soil backfill rate was decreased, the power consumption was increased, the three-axis resultant force was decreased, and the three-axis resistance was increased. At this time, the straw clearance rate was 92.5%, the soil disturbance coefficient was 29.6%, and the power consumption was 1.51kW. The test results were consistent with the optimization results of the simulation test, which met the design requirements.