水平棚架式梨树多旋翼无人机液体授粉试验

针对我国梨树授粉用工量大、作业效率低等问题，基于液体授粉技术，以水平棚架式栽培的梨树为研究对象，开展多旋翼无人机液体授粉试验，探究多旋翼无人机单位面积液体喷施量、飞行高度及授粉方式等对雾滴沉积分布及授粉效果的影响。试验结果表明多旋翼无人机液体喷雾授粉作业性能稳定，雾滴沉积分布组内变异系数不超过20%；雾滴覆盖率及雾滴覆盖密度均与喷施量呈正相关，当液体喷施量为6mL/m2时，飞行高度的变化对雾滴沉积分布影响显著，飞行高度为4m时，雾滴覆盖率及覆盖密度分别为7.06%、84.77个/cm2，花朵坐果率为49.70%，花序坐果率为85.83%，较自然授粉分别提高91%及43%。当花粉液体喷施量为4.5、6mL/m2时，无人机液体授粉与自然授粉花序坐果率差异显著，且无人机液体授粉与背负式喷雾器授粉花序坐果率无显著差异，花序坐果率可达80%以上。研究结果表明，无人机液体授粉作业时雾滴覆盖率及覆盖密度越高，对提升花朵坐果率、花序坐果率作用越显著，当无人机飞行高度为4m、花粉液体喷施量为4.5mL/m2时为较优的无人机液体授粉参数组合。

Experiment on Liquid Pollination of Pear Tree with Horizontal Scaffolding Based on Multi-rotor UAV

The pollination of pear trees in China requires a large amount of labor and low efficiency. Based on the liquid pollination technology, the liquid pollination experiment of multi-rotor UAV was carried out with horizontal scaffoled pear trees as the research object. The effects of liquid spraying amount per unit area, flight height and pollination mode on droplet deposition distribution and pollination effect of multi-rotor UAV were investigated. The experimental results showed that the performance of liquid spray pollination operation of multi-rotor UAV was stable, and the variation coefficient in groups of droplet deposition distribution was less than 20%. Droplet coverage and droplet coverage density were positively correlated with the spraying amount. When the liquid spraying amount was 6mL/m2, the change of flight height had a significant effect on the droplet deposition distribution. When the flight altitude was 4m, the coverage and coverage density of droplets were 7.06% and 84.77 droplets/cm2, respectively. The fruit setting rate of liquid pollinated flowers and inflorescence were 49.70% and 85.83%, respectively, which were 91% and 43% higher than that of natural pollination. When the amount of liquid pollination was 4.5mL/m2 and 6mL/m2, the fruit setting rate of the UAV liquid pollination was significantly different from that of the natural pollination inflorescence. Meawhile, there was no significant difference between the UAV liquid pollination and the backpack sprayer pollination inflorescence fruit setting rate, which could reach more than 80%. The above results showed that the higher the coverage and density of droplets were, the higher the fruit setting rate of flowers and inflorescences was. The optimal combination of UAV liquid pollination parameters was obtained when the UAV flying height was 4m and the pollen liquid spraying amount was 4.5mL/m2. The research result can provide theoretical guidance and data support for the optimization of liquid pollination operation parameters of multi-rotor UAV.