精密光机系统多敏感轴装配精度分析与装配工艺优化

精密光机系统是对地、空、海探测与制导装备中的核心部件，其光轴、惯导轴、机械轴等多敏感轴的精密装配是影响系统最终性能的关键环节之一。以某型装备为研究对象，通过分析该类精密光机系统的装配特点，将多敏感轴的精密装配问题转换为舱体对接时的角偏问题，并进行了阐述和定义；在此基础上，建立了多敏感轴装配过程的角偏误差累积模型，并推导了加工误差与角偏分布之间的关系；基于该模型对当前的直接对接法进行建模，分析了该方法导致装配一次性合格率较低的原因，并提出了一种基于装配方向调整的逐工序优化装配方法，该方法优化了现有的多敏感轴精密装配工艺。仿真结果表明，与直接对接法相比，所提方法能够有效保证各敏感轴线之间的装配精度。

Assembly Accuracy Analysis and Process Optimization of Multi-sensitive Axes for Precision Optical Mechanical System

Precision optical mechanical systems are the core component in maneuver detection on land, air and sea as well as in the guidance equipment. The precision assembly of its sensitive axes, such as optical axis, inertial navigation axis and mechanical axis, is one of the key factors affecting the final performance. In order to improve the assembly efficiency and assembly performance, the precision assembly problem of multi-sensitive axes was transformed into the problem of angle variation in the process of cabin assembly by taking a certain type of equipment as a research object and analyzing its assembly characteristics of multi-sensitive axes. The definition and process were introduced detailly, and based on those, the accumulation model of angle variation was established and the relation between machining error and distribution of angle variation was derived, which can be used to analyze the assembly accuracy in the process of assembling the multi-sensitive axes. Finally, based on the established model, the direct docking method, which was mostly used in the assembly of cabin nowadays, was simulated and analyzed, and the simulation results revealed the reason of the one-time qualified rate was very low in the assembly of the certain object. It was that the assembly direction of the cabin was completely random and there was no optimization in the assembly process. Inspired by this, a kind of process optimization assembly method by adjusting the matching direction was proposed, and the precision assembly process of multi-sensitive axes was optimized. The simulation results show that comparing with the direct docking method, the proposed method can effectively ensure the assembly accuracy between the sensitive axes.