小区育种播种装备与技术研究现状与展望

小区育种播种机是培育新品种、繁殖良种和对比品种等田间试验所用的专用播种机。本文简述了我国小区育种业发展现状与小区育种机械化发展水平,综述了小区育种播种技术及装备的研发历程,从小区育种的播种特点出发,结合不同作物品种和不同播种农艺要求,阐述现有条播、精播模式下小区育种的播种核心技术和工作原理,归纳了小区育种条播排种和精密排种装备的主要结构形式和作业模式,阐述了国内外供种、排种、开沟、覆土、镇压等装置,以及自动控制、小区定位模式、实时监测与记录等方面的实际应用及前沿先进技术研究进展,分析目前国内外小区育种播种机械的研发现状,列举我国小区育种播种技术及装备有代表性的研发成果,从播种技术优化创新完善、机械加工质量提升、高新技术融合和服务模式创新等方面,结合我国国情提出了我国小区育种播种机械化研究方向。

Research Status and Prospect of Plot-sowing Equipment and Technology

The plot breeding seeder is a special seeder,which is used in field experiments such as cultivating new variety,breeding improved variety and variety comparisons.The current situation of the development of plot breeding industry and development level of plot breeding mechanization in China were briefly described.The sowing technology and mechanical development history of plot breeding was reviewed.Based on the characteristics of plot-sowing and combining the current different seeding agronomy requirements of different crop varieties,the core technology and working principle of plot-sowing under the existing drill and precision seeding modes were explained in detail.The main structure,composition form and operation mode of plot breeding drill and precision seeding technology was summarized,which included the current cutting-edge technology and key structures of practical applications in domestic and foreign,such as seed feeding,seed metering,ditching,soil covering,compacting,automatic control,plot localization mode,automatic monitoring and recording,etc.Through analysis of development of the current plot-sowing machinery in domestic and foreign,the main typical research achievements of plot-sowing technology and machinery in China were listed.The development prospect combined with China s national conditions of plot-sowing mechanization was proposed in three aspects,which were the optimization and innovation of seeding technology,the improvement of mechanical processing quality as well as the high-tech integration.