基于区块链和边缘计算的水稻原产地溯源方法研究

地理位置与环境因素的不同导致水稻品质存在差异，优质原产地的稻米质优味美，对消费者更有吸引力，因此研究水稻原产地溯源，建立水稻原产地可信溯源系统具有重要意义。传统物联网区块链溯源系统将溯源数据上传至中心化的服务器，再由服务器上传至区块链；这无法很好地利用边缘节点中的资源，还使其易受数据伪造或数据丢失等安全风险的影响。设计了一套基于区块链和边缘计算的水稻原产地溯源模型，依托嵌入式设备的边缘计算能力，对传感器数据实时数据融合并在嵌入式设备上部署区块链。此外，设计边缘计算场景下区块链网络的存储扩展方法和边缘计算工作流程。最后，经过测试分析，查询公开溯源数据的平均时间为45.84 ms,查询隐私溯源数据的平均时间为50.92 ms,边缘节点加密上链的平均时间为1.27 s,边缘多链存储容量消耗为传统单链的18%,能够满足水稻原产地溯源实际的应用需求。

Traceability Method of Rice Origin Based on Blockchain and Edge Computing

Differences in geographic location and environmental factors lead to differences in rice quality. Rice of high quality origin has excellent quality and taste and is more attractive to consumers, so it is important to study the origin traceability of rice and establish a credible traceability system of rice origin. The traditional IoT blockchain traceability system uploads traceability data to a centralized server, which in turn uploads it to the blockchain;this does not make good use of the resources in the edge nodes and also makes it vulnerable to security risks such as data forgery or data loss. A set of rice origin traceability model was designed based on blockchain and edge computing. The edge layer of this model divided the local blockchain network according to the origin latitude and longitude, each origin region chain contained multiple edge nodes and one core node, and relied on the edge computing capability of embedded devices for real-time data fusion of sensor data and deployment of blockchain on embedded devices. Edge computing ensured the authenticity of the data source, and the blockchain ensured that the on-chain data cannot be tampered, and the combination of the two realized the trusted storage of traceability system data. In addition, the storage scaling method of the blockchain network under the edge computing scenario and edge computing workflow were designed. Finally, after testing and analysis, the average time for querying public traceability data was 45.84ms, the average time for querying private traceability data was 50.92ms, the average time for encrypting on chain of edge nodes was 1.27s, and the storage capacity consumption of edge multi-chain was 18% of that of traditional single-chain, which can meet the practical application requirements of rice origin traceability.