黑水虻虫沙并排式双叶轮集料装置设计与试验

针对黑水虻虫沙收集过程劳动强度大、作业效率低等问题，设计了一种并排式黑水虻虫沙双叶轮集料装置。首先，依据黑水虻幼虫生物转化畜禽粪便工艺特点，确定并排式双叶轮的外形尺寸；通过对并排式双叶轮工作机理和动力学分析，确定弧形叶轮片曲线与数量，并获得叶轮集料运动轨迹和方程；在此基础上，确定了影响其集料性能的主要因素，选取前进速度、叶轮倾角、叶轮转速为试验因素，以集料效率和集料均匀度变异系数为响应值分别进行单因素及三因素三水平二次回归正交试验。建立了响应面数学模型，分析各因素对集料性能的影响，利用Design-Expert软件对影响因素进行综合优化。试验结果表明，各因素对集料效率的影响由大到小顺序为：叶轮倾角、前进速度、叶轮转速；对集料均匀度变异系数的影响由大到小顺序为：叶轮转速、前进速度、叶轮倾角。对优化结果进行试验验证得最优参数组合为：前进速度0.06m/s、叶轮倾角18°、叶轮转速16r/min，此时集料效率为4.67kg/s，集料均匀度变异系数为2.81%，评价指标的试验值与模型优化值的相对误差为3.78%与6.84%，满足黑水虻虫沙集料输送要求。

Design and Experiment of Parallel Double Impeller Collecting Device for Black Soldier Fly Sand

Aiming at the problems of high labor intensity and low work efficiency in the process of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) sand collecting, a parallel double impeller collecting device for black soldier fly sand was designed. Firstly, the external dimensions of parallel double impeller were determined according to the agronomic requirements of black soldier fly larvae bio-transforming livestock and poultry manure. By analyzing the working mechanism and dynamics of the parallel double impeller, the curve and quantity of the arc-shaped impeller blades were determined, and the trajectory and equation of the impeller aggregate movement were obtained. On this basis, the main factors affecting its aggregate properties were determined. Then, single-factor and three-factor three-level quadratic regression orthogonal tests were conducted with forward speed, impeller inclination angle, and impeller speed as test factors and the aggregate efficiency and variable coefficient of aggregate uniformity as the response value. Besides, a response surface mathematical model was established to analyze the influence of various factors on aggregate performance, and Design-Expert software was employed to comprehensively optimize the influencing factors. The test results showed that the order of influencing factors on the aggregate efficiency from primary to secondary was as follows: impeller inclination angle, forward speed, and impeller speed; the order of influencing factors on the variable coefficient of aggregate uniformity from primary to secondary was as follows: impeller speed, forward speed, and impeller inclination angle. The optimization results were verified, and it can be obtained that the forward speed was 0.06m/s; the impeller inclination angle was 18°; the impeller speed was 16r/min; the aggregate efficiency was 4.67kg/s;the variable coefficient of aggregate uniformity was 2.81%; the relative errors between the experimental values of each evaluation index and the optimized value of the model were 3.78% and 6.84%, respectively, which met the requirement of black soldier fly sand aggregating and conveying.