轴流式花生捡拾收获机设计与试验

针对花生全喂入捡拾收获过程捡拾率低、荚果损失率高、生产率低等问题,基于花生生物学特点、荚柄脱离特性及荚果破损机理,设计了一种轴流式花生捡拾收获机。整机采用自走式底盘驱动,配套动力120 kW,主要由捡拾装置、输送装置、摘果装置、清选装置、底盘系统、集果装置等组成,可一次完成对田间条铺花生植株的捡拾、输送、果蔓脱离、果杂清选、提升集果等功能。在分析整机工作原理的基础上,进行了关键部件结构设计及参数确定,通过动量守恒原理和赫兹接触理论建立捡拾过程的碰撞模型和摘果装置关键参数方程,并对荚果破损和荚柄分离力学模型进行了定量分析,确定以弹齿转速、摘果滚筒转速、机具前进速度为主要影响因素,并针对“开农61”品种花生进行试验研究。结果表明,最优参数组合为弹齿转速68 r/min、摘果滚筒转速447 r/min、机具前进速度1.4 m/s,对应的捡拾率为98.62%、荚果损失率为2.11%、生产率为0.61 hm^2/h,捡拾率、生产率比优化前分别提高了2.1、4.5个百分点,荚果损失率比优化前降低了0.9个百分点,综合性能明显提高。

Design and Test of Axial-flow Peanut Picking and Harvesting Machine

Aiming at the problems of low picking-up rate,high pods loss rate and low productivity in the process of picking and harvesting peanuts with full feeding,an axial-flow peanut picking-up combine harvester was designed.The whole machine was driven by self-propelled chassis with supporting power of 120 kW.The picking speed,conveying speed,pods picking speed,cleaning frequency,cleaning fan speed and bucket lifting speed were controlled by chain and belt combined transmission.The machine was mainly composed of picking device,conveying device,pods picking device,cleaning device,chassis system,pods collecting device,etc.It could complete the tests of picking,conveying,pods vine separation,pods impurity cleaning,and pods collection in one time,which can reduce labor and cost.On the basis of analyzing the working principle of the whole machine,the structural design and parameter determination of the key parts were carried out.The collision energy model of separation process and the mechanical model of pod-handle separation were established by the principle of energy conservation.Based on this equation,quantitative analysis was carried out,and the main influencing factors were the elastic teeth speed,machine forward speed;and picked speed.The results showed that the significant order of picking-up rate was elastic teeth speed,machine forward speed and picked speed;the significant order of pods loss rate was elastic teeth speed,picked speed and machine forward speed;the significant order of productivity influence was machine forward speed,elastic teeth speed and picked speed;the optimal combination was 68 r/min for elastic teeth,447 r/min for pods picking drum and 1.4 m/s for machine forward speed.The corresponding picking-up rate was 98.62%,the pods loss rate was 2.11%and the productivity was 0.61 hm^2/h.The picking-up rate and productivity were 2.1 and 4.5 percentage points higher than that before,and the pods loss rate was 0.9 percentage poins lower than before.Comprehensive performance was obviously improved.It was worth noting that this test was based on the picking-up mechanism of axial peanut full feeding harvester,and the test object was only“Kainong 61”.It was suggested that the performance of different peanut varieties and harvesting equipment with different structures should be discussed in depth.