茶园切抛组合式开沟刀设计与试验

针对茶园机械化开沟抛土性能不理想、无专用刀具的问题，设计了适用于茶园开沟的切抛组合式开沟刀。对抛土刀抛土片的抛土过程进行动力学分析，确定其关键参数抛土片宽度为8cm、倾斜角为30°时，可保证抛土刀横向抛土幅宽满足农艺要求。性能试验表明：切抛组合式开沟刀单侧抛土幅宽为22.7cm、抛土均匀性系数为90.3%、覆土厚度为2.1cm、开沟深度稳定性系数为87.8%、沟底浮土厚度为1.2cm，对照组单一开沟刀为13.4cm、84.3%、2.4cm、82.3%、2.5cm，说明切抛组合式开沟刀更符合茶园开沟实际需求，抛土均匀性与开沟稳定性更好，所抛土壤不易落入沟内。功耗分析试验表明，与单一切土刀相比，切抛组合式开沟刀抛土的正后侧区域冲击力减小，抛土上方区域冲击力减小，从而导致其抛土总冲击力减小，因此，该组合式开沟刀提高了开沟抛土质量，同时未明显增大开沟功耗。

Design and Experiment of Combined Cutting and Throwing Ditching Blade for Tea Garden

In order to solve the problems of poor soil throwing performance, high power consumption and no special blade, a cutting and throwing combined ditching blade was designed for tea garden ditching. The dynamic analysis of the soil throwing process of the soil throwing lump determined that the key parameters of the soil throwing lump were 8cm wide and the tilt angle was 30°, and the soil throwing blade could meet the requirements of tea garden ditching that the soil could be evenly distributed to the edge of the ditch instead of falling into the ditch, which was convenient for filling soil after fertilization and the ditching energy consumption could not be too high. The results of experiment showed that the width of single side throwing soil by the combined blade was 22.7cm, the uniformity of throwing soil was 90.3%, the thickness of covering soil was 2.1cm, the stability of ditching depth was 87.8%, and the thickness of floating soil at the bottom of ditch was 1.2cm, while that of the control group was 13.4cm, 84.3%, 2.4cm, 82.3% and 2.5cm, respectively, which indicated that the throwing distance of the combined blade was better than that of the single blade, the same as uniformity of throwing soil and planting stability, and the thrown soil by the combined blade was not easy to fall into the ditch. In addition, the combined blade did not significantly increase the power consumption. The results of power consumption analysis showed that compared with the single cutter, the impact force of the front and rear area of the combined blade was reduced, and the impact force of the upper area of the throwing soil was reduced, so the total impact force of the throwing soil was reduced.