基于载荷特性的玉米收获机车架有限元分析与试验

玉米收获机作为一种大型复杂的农业机械，其各工作部件与车架的连接和支承方式复杂。针对国内某款玉米收获机，基于各总成部件与车架的连接方式和载荷布置特点，提出了一套适用于其车架的有限元载荷施加方法。然后在车架表面选择8个测点粘贴应变片，通过整机装配实现车架的加载，在静态空载和静态满载两种工况下测试车架各测点的应力，对比分析有限元计算结果和试验结果：各测点有限元分析值和试验值应力变化趋势基本一致，除测点1试验值与有限元分析值相对误差较大，其他测点相对误差都在20%以内，从而验证了玉米收获机车架有限元模型加载方法的可行性。

Finite Element Analysis and Experiment on Corn Harvester Frame Based on Load Characteristics

Corn harvester is a large and complex agricultural machinery. The corn harvester is mainly used to complete the functions of picking, peeling, stalk returning, grain recovery and panicle collection. The connection and support way is complicated between vehicle frame and assembly components. In view of a domestic corn harvester, a set of finite element loading methods applied to the frame was proposed based on the connection mode and load arrangement. Then on the surface of the frame, eight measuring points were chosen to paste the strain gauge, and the frame was loaded by assembling the whole machine. Under two working conditions of no load and full load, the stress of each test point was tested. By comparing and analyzing the finite element calculations and test results, it could be found that the relative error of each points between the finite element analysis values and test values was within 20% except point 1, in addition, the finite element analysis values and test values were in good agreement. Thus, the feasibility of the finite element loading method of the corn harvester was verified. Furthermore, the finite element model could also be used to analyze and evaluate the reasonableness of the load distribution and structural design of the frame.