主动润滑减阻曲面深松铲设计与试验

针对深松作业阻力大、牵引能耗高、作业效率低等问题，提出了一种针对低含水率、高紧实度耕作土壤的曲面深松铲主动润滑减阻和土壤改良复合作业方案。首先，在三维扫描获得曲面深松铲三维模型的基础上，通过离散元法分析了曲面深松铲作业过程中深松铲与土壤颗粒间的互作特性，确定了铲体最大摩擦接触面作为主动润滑减阻面；其次，提出了主动液体润滑减阻思路，并借鉴蚯蚓体液分布构形与体表织构，分别在铲面和铲尖的最大摩擦接触面上，设计了沟槽形式的表面构型与节流孔等润滑面结构以及润滑介质泵送系统，形成了主动润滑减阻曲面深松铲；最后，以作业速度、润滑液流量为试验因素，以水平方向作业阻力为主要指标，在两种土壤条件下进行了大田试验。试验结果表明：在褐土地作业环境下，当作业速度为3km/h、润滑液流量为12L/min时，减阻率可达13.48%；在盐碱地作业环境下，当作业速度为1.87km/h、润滑液流量为12L/min时，减阻率可达19.87%；初步证明主动润滑减阻作业模式在低含水率、高紧实度土壤中具有较好减阻效果。

Design and Test of Active Lubrication and Drag Reduction Curved Subsoiler

Aiming at the problems of high resistance, high energy consumption of traction in subsoiling, low operation efficiency, cultivated layer restoration and soil remediation, an active lubricating drag reduction scheme for curved subsoiler for low water content and high compactness farming soil was proposed. Firstly, on the basis of the three-dimensional model of the curved subsoiler obtained by three-dimensional scanning, the interaction between the subsoiler and the soil particles during the operation of the curved subsoiler was analyzed by the discrete element method, and the maximum friction contact surface of the subsoiler body was determined as the active lubrication drag reducing surface. Secondly, the idea of active lubricating drag reduction was proposed, and the body fluid distribution and body surface texture of earthworm were used for reference. To form the active lubrication and drag reducing curved subsoiler, the surface configuration in the form of groove, the structure of the lubricating surface such as throttle hole and the pumping system of the lubricating medium were designed on the maximum friction contact surface of the subsoiler surface and the subsoiler tip, respectively. Finally, the operation speed and lubricating fluid flow rate were used as the test factors, and the horizontal operation resistance was the main indicator. Field tests were carried out under two soil conditions. The test results showed that in the brown soil environment, when the operating speed was 3km/h and the lubricating fluid flow rate was 12L/min, the drag reduction rate could reach 13.48%. In the saline-alkali environment, when the operating speed was 1.87km/h and the lubricating fluid flow rate was 12L/min, the drag reduction rate could reach 19.87%. It was preliminarily proved that the active lubricating drag reduction operation mode had a good drag reduction effect in the soil with low moisture content and high compactness.