小型圆捆机捆草-卸捆自动操纵与报警装置研究

针对小型圆捆机捆草与卸捆过程依赖机手频繁回头观察并手动操纵的问题,设计了由行程开关、单片机、电动缸操纵机构和蜂鸣器组成的捆草-卸捆自动操纵与报警装置。通过分析捆草与卸捆工作过程,采用3个行程开关分别感知成捆室满仓、草捆捆扎结束和草捆落地,设计了捆草-卸捆控制流程,确定了控制系统的捆扎时间、卸捆时间等控制参数。室内工况模拟试验表明单片机能处理行程开关的触发信号,使电动缸伸缩实现液压阀手柄自动操作卸捆,蜂鸣器在捆草-卸捆过程发出不同节奏的报警提示音,并有效感知行程开关误触发和器件故障,提高了系统可靠性。样机的秸秆捡拾打捆试验表明,该装置可提高小型圆捆机作业效率22.5%~32.2%,捆草-卸捆成功率100%。

Design of Automatic Manipulation and Alarming Device of Straw-bundling and Bale-unloading of Minitype Round Baler

In view of the problem that the driver frequently turns round to observe and manually operate the baler during the process of straw-bundling and bale-unloading of minitype round baler, an automatic manipulation and alarming device was developed. The device mainly consisted of three travel switches as a singlechip, an operation mechanism driven by electric cylinder and a buzzer. By analyzing the working process of straw-bundling and bale-unloading, three travel switches were used to detect whether straw was filled with bale chamber, straw-bundling motion finished and the bale fell to the ground from bale chamber. The control flow of straw-bundling and bale-unloading was designed, and the control parameters of straw-bundling time and bale-unloading time were determined. Simulation tests of indoor working condition showed that the single chip could process the trigger signal of three travel switches to make electric cylinder stretch out and draw back, and the hydraulic valve handle was driven by the operation mechanism to realize automatic bale-unloading. The buzzer made different rhythm of the alarm sound during the process of straw-bundling and bale-unloading to effectively detect spurious triggering of travel switches and parts fault, which improved the reliability of the system. The pick-up and baling tests of prototype baler showed that the device may improve the working efficiency of minitype round baler by 22.5% to 32.2%, and the success rate of straw-bundling and bale-unloading may reach 100%.