基于Malmquist指数法的水稻生产效率实证分析

采用基于DEA的Malmquist指数法,对南方双季稻区6个省(区)1995 ～2010年水稻生产成本收益面板数据进行分析,得到水稻生产全要素生产率及技术进步率、技术效率的时序变动趋势及特征,并通过对技术效率的分解,得到规模效率与纯技术效率的时序特征.结果表明,不同阶段水稻生产全要素生产率受不同因素的影响,近期技术进步率下降是全要素生产率下降的主要因素,结果也显示南方双季稻区水稻生产效率低于北方稻区的黑龙江和稻麦轮作区的江苏,且区域内差异显著.因此,提高技术适应性,加强管理和制度的创新,提高水稻生产技术进步率,缩小省(区)间的差异是提高南方双季稻区水稻生产效率的关键.

Analysis on Paddy Rice Production Efficiency Based on Malmquist Index

With the aim to improve the production efficiency of paddy rice in double cropping area in south China, the panel data of cost and profit from 1995 to 2010 was analyzed. Total factor productivity, technical progress rate and technical efficiency was calculated and their time series characteristics were analyzed. The result showed that the total factor productivity was observed with a constant decline from 2004 to 2010, which was mainly caused by technical progress decline. The result also showed that the total factor productivity in double cropping area was much lower than that in Heilongjiang and Jiangsu Province, and there was significant variation between provinces and autonomous regions. Strengthening adaptability and advancement of paddy rice production technologies, promoting the innovation of management and mechanism, and narrowing the gap between provinces are key countermeasures to improve the capability of paddy rice production efficiency.