初果期苹果树剪枝仿真研究

苹果树的剪枝对果树坐果和树形塑造起着重要的作用。本文选用五年生苹果树为研究对象，对其进行仿真研究。首先，采用三维激光扫描仪对冬季落叶后的果树进行扫描获取点云数据，经过去噪、重采样和软件处理获得苹果树的骨架节点。其次，再对苹果树进行4种不同类型的剪枝处理，经过一个生长期后，记录被修剪枝条的生长数据，进行定性和定量分析。分析结果表明，随着果树修剪的加重，潜伏芽率、短枝率会逐渐下降，中枝率变化不显著，但长枝率会逐渐增加。根据每种修剪类型后对应母枝的抽枝类型与母枝上的节位规律变化，生成了对应的多项式拟合函数，为虚拟苹果树修剪仿真提供数学规律。最后，建立了苹果树修剪仿真软件用于初果期苹果树剪枝仿真，修剪后仿真抽枝结果的变化规律与实际修剪产生的抽枝规律相符，可为初果期苹果树来年坐果或塑形提供修剪参考方案。

Study on Pruning Simulation of Apple Trees at Initial Fruit Stage

The pruning of apple trees plays an important role in fruit set and tree shape. A five year old apple tree was selected as the research object, and the simulation model was established and compared with the actual results. First of all, the 3D laser scanner was used to scan the fruit trees after winter defoliation to obtain the point cloud data. After denoising, resampling and software processing, the skeleton nodes of apple trees were obtained to establish the apple tree structure model.Secondly, four different types of pruning treatments were carried out on apple trees. After one growth period, the growth data of the pruned branches were recorded, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out.The results showed that with the increase of fruit tree pruning, the latent bud rate and short branch rate decreased gradually, but the middle branch rate did not change significantly, but the long branch rate increased gradually.According to a parent type and each type after the corresponding branch pruning branches of the node changes, generating polynomial function corresponding to the mathematical rules for provide a virtual tree pruning simulation.Finally, the apple tree pruning simulation software for early fruit tree pruning simulation was established, a consistent change rule after pruning a simulation with actual results generated by pruning, pruning can provide for early fruit tree fruit or shaping reference for next year.