插盘食葵原位脱粒收获原理机设计与试验

针对新疆插盘食葵人工取盘收获劳动强度大、成本高的问题，设计一种由原位脱粒装置、籽粒回收装置组成的插盘食葵原位脱粒收获原理机。基于静力学及运动学理论分析，对击打-刷脱组合式原位脱粒装置进行设计，并确定影响食葵脱粒效果的主要因素；结合食葵籽粒特点初步确定气吸式籽粒回收装置结构参数，应用离散元与流体耦合分析方式对籽粒回收装置进行仿真分析，模拟集料斗和密封收集箱的作业过程，并得到满足籽粒收集性能的风机作业参数。采用单因素试验分别确定机具作业速度、脱粒刷转速、击打辊转速的合理取值范围，基于单因素试验结果，以机具作业速度、脱粒刷转速、击打辊转速为试验因素，食葵盘未脱净率、籽粒破损率为评价指标，整机开展正交试验。试验结果表明，当机具作业速度为0.3m/s、脱粒刷转速为130r/min、击打辊转速为80r/min时，原理机工作性能最佳，食葵盘未脱净率、籽粒破损率分别为7.11%、1.13%，研究结果可为插盘食葵机械化收获提供参考。

Design and Experiment of Principle Machine for In-situ Harvesting of Edible Sunflower Heads on Stalks

Aiming at the problems of heavy labor intensity and high cost in the manual harvest of Xinjiang edible sunflower heads on stalks, a machine for edible sunflower heads on stalks in-situ harvesting was designed, which was composed of in-situ threshing device and seeds recovery device. The edible sunflower stalk entered the in-situ threshing device through the nearside divider, and the stalk was guided to the roller with a strike mode by the chain and the supporting plate, and the roller with a strike mode strike the edible sunflower head to make the seeds fall off. Then the threshing brush removed the seeds at high sipping speed. After threshing, the seeds fall into the collecting hopper. Finally, the seeds were drawn into the sealed collection box by the conveying air duct. And the threshing and collection of seeds were completed. Based on the analysis of statics and kinematics theory, the in-situ threshing device of combined strike-brush was designed, and the main factors affecting the threshing effect of edible sunflower were determined. Combined with the characteristics of edible sunflower seeds, the structural parameters of the air-suction seeds recovery device were preliminarily determined. The method of discrete element and fluid coupling analysis was used to simulate the seeds recovery device, and the operation process of collecting hopper and sealed collection box was simulated and the operation parameters of the fan satisfying the seeds collection performance were obtained. Through the single factor experiment, the reasonable range of the speed of the machine, the threshing brush and the roller with a strike mode was determined. Based on the single factor experiment results, the orthogonal experiment was carried out on the whole machine with speed of the machine, threshing brush and a strike mode as test factors, and the un-threshing rate of edible sunflower head and damage rate of seeds as evaluation indexes. The experiment results showed that when the speed of the machine was 0.3m/s, the speed of the threshing brush was 130r/min, and the speed of the roller with a strike mode was 80r/min, the working performance of the machine was the best, and the un-threshing rate of the edible sunflower head and the damage rate of the seeds were 7.11% and 1.13%, respectively. The research results can provide reference for the design of edible sunflower harvesting machinery.